考虑复合地基侧摩阻力作用下土中竖向应力解

为了估算新建路基对既有路基影响,以半无限体内Mindlin应力方程解为计算基础,假设复合地基为一个加固整体,对复合地基侧壁摩阻力进行积分,推导复合地基侧摩阻力在土体中引起的附加应力的解析表达式,计算在复合地基作用下距填筑坡脚处一点的土竖向附加应力。     

侧摩阻力对桩稳定性的影响

以m法为基础,用梁函数逼近桩变形曲线,用文献中方法较为精确地分析了不计和计桩侧摩阻力桩的计算长度。土的抗力增加,桩的刚度减小,桩失稳半波数增加,一般n<10。桩侧摩阻力,特别是负摩阻力对桩的稳定有实质性的影响。     

Desired yaw rate and steering control method during cornering for a six-wheeled vehicle

This paper proposes a steering control method based on optimal control theory to improve the maneuverability of a six-wheeled vehicle during cornering. The six-wheeled vehicle is believed to have better performance than a four-wheeled vehicle in terms of its capability for crossing obstacles, off-road maneuvering and fail-safe handling when one or two of the tires are punctured. Although many methods to improve the four-wheeled vehicle’s lateral stability have been studied and developed, there have only been a few studies on the six-wheeled vehicle’s lateral stability. Some studies of the six-wheeled vehicle have been reported recently, but they are related to the desired yaw rate of a four-wheeled vehicle to control the six-wheeled vehicle’s maneuvering during corning. In this paper, the sideslip angle and yaw rate are controlled to improve the maneuverability during cornering by independent control of the steering angles of the six wheels. The desired yaw rate that is suitable for a six-wheeled vehicle is proposed as a control target. In addition, a scaled-down vehicle with six drive motors and six steering motors that can be controlled independently is designed. The performance of the proposed control methods is verified using a full model vehicle simulation and scaled-down vehicle experiment.     

A trace metal (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) balance for surface waters in the eastern Gotland Basin, Baltic Sea

Trace metal inventories and transboundary fluxes were estimated for the surface waters of the eastern Gotland Basin, and a mass balance for this water body was derived.The study area was delineated by a box which bordered vertically by the sea surface and the halocline and horizontally by the coast of Gotland and the coast of Latvia/Lithuania. For the calculation of the trace metal inventories in the box, a high-resolution sampling was carried out during different seasons. Additional sediment trap studies were performed to calculate the vertical particulate trace metal fluxes through the halocline.The following transboundary fluxes have been estimated: (a) atmospheric input of trace metals; (b) lateral transport from adjacent bodies of surface water; (c) diapycnal fluxes of dissolved trace metals at the halocline; (d) sinking of trace metals, associated with particles, through the halocline, (e) vertical advection through the halocline.The lateral transport into and out of the surface box is important for the metals (Cd, Cu, Zn) with “nutrient-like” behaviour. For particle reactive elements like lead, vertical sedimentation and lateral transport out of the box as much as atmospheric input and lateral input into the box are in the same order of magnitude. Turbulent diapycnal mixing plays a minor role compared to the advective fluxes.The estimated range for the residence times for the region under investigation are  0.5–1.3 years for Pb;  2–11 years for Zn,  7–36 years for Cd and 42–89 years for Cu. This demonstrates that the system reacts very fast for particle reactive elements like Pb, while for copper sedimentation processes are not the preferential sink and can be neglected.     

Controlled pipeline lateral buckling by reeling induced curvature imperfections

Expansion of pipelines installed on the sea floor due to the passage of high temperature and pressure hydrocarbons leads to lateral buckling. Interaction with a frictional sea floor can result in localization of such buckles, which must be controlled to ensure that the local bending is within acceptable limits. Periodic geometric imperfections introduced to a pipeline installed by reeling using the Residual Curvature Method are modeled and their effectiveness as expansion loops is evaluated. The imperfections are generated by allowing chosen lengths of the line to retain a small curvature by judicious action at the straightener. The model properly accounts for the complex interactions between geometric and material nonlinearities with frictional forces. It is demonstrated that as the temperature increases, the line can buckle in a snap-through manner, or can grow stably usually causing plastic deformation in its crest. The behavior is governed by the length, curvature, amplitude and periodicity of the imperfection, and by the lateral and axial frictional forces that develop. The effect of each of these variables is studied parametrically. Overall, the Residual Curvature Method is found to be a viable and effective method of controlling lateral buckling. The results provide guidance on the optimal periodicity, how to avoid snap-through buckling, and how to simultaneously minimize plastic bending.     

时速160 km城市快轨有挡肩扣件研究

为满足城市快轨交通高平顺性、高稳定性、少养护量的要求,在吸收高铁及城际铁路轨道先进技术的基础上,开展城市快轨有挡肩扣件的设计研究:(1)采用有挡肩、螺栓的结构,优化了扣件的受力状态,进而提高轨道强度和稳定性,可有效解决以往地铁扣件存在的病害,大大降低养护维修工作量;(2)扣压件采用国铁Ⅱ型弹条和新型小阻力弹条,可实现不同的扣件纵向阻力,满足地下线、高架桥等不同工况的使用要求;(3)通过优化扣件结构和主要部件的尺寸,有效降低了扣件的造价。理论计算和试验结果表明,该有挡肩扣件性能满足时速160 km城市快轨的运营要求,达到了预期效果。     

大面积单侧堆载对高速铁路桥梁墩台影响的数值分析

基于某高速铁路桥梁实际地质条件和现场堆载情况,运用ABAQUS有限元软件建立高速铁路桥梁墩台、基础及地基土相互作用有限元模型,分别假设地基土为弹性(大变形)和理想弹塑性,分析了桥梁墩台在大面积单侧堆载作用下的受力变形特性,包括墩顶中心变形、地基与桩基侧向变形沿深度变化、地基与桩基侧向应力沿深度变化等。研究结果表明:单侧大面积堆载是桥梁桩基产生水平位移的主要原因;地基黏土层取为理想弹塑性时计算的墩顶变形与地基土侧向应力明显大于取为弹性时计算值,且与现场实测值较为接近,说明地基土体发生了一定的塑性变形造成了桩基倾斜。计算结果为桥梁墩台倾斜的成因及处置措施提供了理论依据。     

A general scaled model design method of stiffened plate subjected to combined longitudinal compression and lateral pressure considering the ultimate strength and collapse modes

A general and efficient scaled method for stiffened plates subjected to combined longitudinal compression and lateral pressure is proposed based on slenderness, simply by adjusting the number of stiffeners. The design method makes it easier to determine the dimensions of the scaled model for a given scale ratio compared with the previously proposed method. The emphasis is on the influence of the plate slenderness, the column slenderness, and the non-dimensional parameter of the lateral pressure on the ultimate strength. By maintaining the consistency of the plate slenderness and column slenderness, the proposed method is applicable for designing scaled models with materials of different yield stresses and Young's moduli. A similar effect of the lateral pressure on the ultimate strength of the prototype and scaled models is achieved by maintaining the non-dimensional parameter. In addition, the applicability of the scaled method to the initial deflection is considered, which provides a reference for similar models. The similitude of the scaled method is verified for several typical buckling modes, including the beam–column, tripping, web and overall collapse modes. Given the numerical results, the proposed general and fast scaled method can provide reasonable dimensions of scaled stiffened plates subjected to combined loads.     

船体变形对轴系横向振动的影响研究

船体变形是影响船舶推进轴系振动的一个重要因素,但目前对于轴系横向振动的研究都是在基于船体为刚性体,不发生变形的前提下进行。针对某散货船,采用有限元法建立了船体变形下,轴系中心线垂向相对变形对轴系横向振动影响的计算方法和流程。结果表明:船体在不同工况下,轴系中心线垂向相对变形对轴系横向振动固有频率有着显著的影响。     

软土路基沉降和侧向位移监控方法

软基路段路堤施工期间的稳定、安全及工后沉降控制是影响施工进度和质量的关键问题,介绍了不同施工期沉降观测和侧向位移观测的监控方法。