某SUV轮辋模态刚度分析与测试验证

针对某车型18inch轮辋进行有限元仿真建模,并分别分析了轮辋的自由模态、频率响应函数。通过两点法的频响函数,可以求得轮辋的横向刚度。结合实际实验测试,结果表明,轮辋模态和横向刚度的仿真结果与试验结果吻合度较高,误差在5%以内,证明了仿真方法的可行性和正确性;通过该方法,对于轮辋的前期产品设计及改进优化提供参考。     

利用孔压静探估算粘土的土性参数

简单介绍先进的无绳孔压静力触探技术,并分别探讨由孔压静力触探试验估算软土层固结系数、不排水抗剪强度和侧向渗透系数的原理以及估算方法,并结合江苏淮盐高速公路试验段对地基土的土性参数进行估算。通过与其它常规原位测试试验结果的分析对比,发现由孔压静探资料对土层的以上参数进行估算是可行的,值得在公路建设的勘察及设计中推广应用。     

刚性面板加筋挡土墙的离心模型试验研究

通过土工离心模型试验,研究了刚性面板加筋挡土墙的变形特征及其内在破坏模式。试验程序包括设计加速度条件下正常工作状态的模拟和极限加速度条件下极限工作状态的模拟,就挡土墙面板侧向位移和加筋材料的应变进行了实时测量;并测量了极限状态下模型剖面的位移标记的变形,从而获得了极限工作状态土体滑动破坏面的位置。试验结果表明:(1)加筋土挡土墙所发生的侧向位移量远小于无加筋挡土墙的位移量,并且加筋层竖向间隔越小,加筋层越密,相对侧向位移量越小,加筋效果越明显;(2)整体式刚性面板加筋土挡土墙的性能优于一般的分离式刚性块式面板加筋土挡土墙;(3)加筋材料有从回填体中被拔出破坏的可能性,因此,加筋风积沙挡土墙内部稳定性校核时,需要验证抵抗这种破坏的安全性。     

空气动力制动风翼在车上布置数值仿真研究

采用流体仿真分析软件FLUENT研究制动风翼尾迹的影响范围及制动风翼纵向间距对制动效果的影响,同时分析制动风翼不同横向间距对制动阻力影响的规律.结果表明:2幅制动风翼的纵向间距越大.列车前部制动风翼对后部制动风翼的尾迹影响越小,当2幅制动风翼的纵向间距超过2节车厢长度时,这种影响完全消失;在制动风翼面积相同的条件下,增大每幅2片制动风翼的横向间距,能够提高风翼的单位面积制动阻力;由制动风翼产生的制动瞬时减速度随制动初速度的增加而增加,在紧急制动初速度为500km>h-1时由制动风翼产生的制动合阻力约为160kN.此时的制动瞬时减速度约为0.33m.s-1,可知,列车高速运行时由空气动力制动产生的制动阻力对高速列车制动贡献很大,空气动力制动在高速时具有优良制动性能.     

Pivot point-based control for active rear-wheel steering in passenger vehicles

This paper presents a new application of active rear-wheel steering control to improve the lateral vehicle behaviour. In the state of the art, yaw or lateral velocity is used as control variable that means one degree of freedom being not directly controlled. A worse subjective impressions due to movements in the rear end of the vehicle during strong counter-steering are a consequence. To avoid this effect in urban surroundings, an innovative structure to control the pivot point distance of the vehicle is proposed. In this case the coupled elementary states yaw and lateral velocity can be influenced based on a higher level criteria. Analysis show that pivot point fixing provides a comprehensible reference behaviour. Solving the issue of singularity during disappearing yaw movement is the basis to design a performant modified feedforward input–output linearisation. An analytic stability analysis of the internal dynamics shows system immanent limitations which do not influence the target of improving the lateral vehicle dynamics in urban manoeuvres. Finally, the advantages of pivot-based control are highlighted by a comparison with state of the art rear axle control.     

Experimental and theoretical studies on the lateral collapse of mechanically lined pipes

The mechanically lined pipe, which consists of a thin non-corrosive liner and a carbon steel pipe, is an economical way to transport acidic fluid in offshore applications. However, it is prone to lateral loading and potentially develops plastic collapse and liner separation during the operational stage. The present study examines its crushing performance using small-scale 2-inch lined pipes manufactured by a customized hydroforming facility. The lined pipes comprised a seamless GB45 carbon steel tube and a grade T2 copper liner. Four ring specimens extracted from lined pipes and two single-layer rings were crushed on a universal testing machine in a quasi-static manner. The tube was found to develop an ovalized shape initially and then changed into a "∞" shape in the end. The carrier and liner were found to stay together throughout the crushing process, with slight liner separation taking place. The manufacture and lateral collapse processes were also reproduced with finite element models and nonlinear analytical formulation. The analytical model was established based on the principle of virtual work and nonlinear ring theory, assuming small strain and finite rotation. It showed that the analytical and numerical simulation results agreed with the experimental results. The influence of major parameters of the problem was also studied based on the full-scale lined pipe. Amongst other findings, manufacture-related plastic hardening is shown to affect the load-carrying capacity and the growth of separation during lateral collapse.     

Numerical investigation on the ultimate strength behaviour and assessment of continuous hull plate under combined biaxial cyclic loads and lateral pressure

The ultimate strength of continuous hull plate under combined biaxial cyclic loads and lateral pressure is investigated in the present paper by using nonlinear finite element method. Geometric nonlinearity due to large deflection and material nonlinearity induced by kinematic hardening and isotropic hardening are both accounted for. A parametric study is designed and completed to examine the longitudinal ultimate compressive strength behaviours in the cycles on the basis of a large number of load-shortening curves. Effects of series of parameters especially the plate slenderness ratio, transverse cyclic compression, lateral pressure and cycle number are analyzed with details. It is found that the strength characteristic and collapse mode are highly affected by the coupling influence of the mentioned factors as well material behaviours. A dimensionless unified formulation as a function of the decisive factors is empirically proposed to accurately assess the ultimate strength of continuous hull plate in various cycles.     

Numerical analysis of lateral – Moment capacity of bucket foundations for offshore wind turbine in sand

This paper reports the lateral – moment bearing capacity of bucket foundations under lateral loading in sand. The Modified Mohr-Coulomb (MMC) model is adopted to capture the hardening – softening behaviour in medium dense and dense sands within a finite element (FE) modelling framework. The FE model performance is assessed against available field test data as well as analytical solutions showing a relatively good agreement. A series of parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of bucket aspect ratio, bucket diameter, load eccentricity, vertical load and relative density of sand on the lateral - moment bearing capacity of the bucket. Comparisons are drawn between the conventional Mohr-Coulomb (MC) model and the stress dependent MMC model highlighting the role of sand dilatancy in mobilising the lateral moment capacity. Based on the FE results, a simple stepwise calculation framework is proposed for two scenarios: (i) to predict the lateral - moment bearing capacity of the bucket if the bucket dimensions are known, and (ii) to design the bucket dimensions for a known required bucket capacity.     

Lateral response of monopile reinforced by cement-improved soil in clay to monotonic and cyclic loadings: Laboratory model test and theoretical investigation

A systematic study was performed in laboratory model tests to assess the response of cement-improved reinforced monopiles to lateral monotonic and cyclic loading in clay. The overall load‒deflection behavior and profile of the bending moment was fully studied in monotonic tests, in addition to the p-y curves of the reinforced and unreinforced piles. Cyclic loading tests were carried out at different cyclic magnitude values and load ratios, and the cement-improved soil reinforcement range was also varied. This study provides several insights into the ongoing development of the deflection, unloading stiffness and bending moment of cement-improved soil reinforced piles as cycling progresses, which can provide empirical design recommendations for cement-improved soil reinforced monopiles subjected to lateral cyclic loading. Based on the typical p-y curve models of pile in soft clay and stiff clay, by considering the proportion of soil resistance shared by cement-improved soil and soft clay around a pile under lateral load, the modification factors of two parameters p_u and y₅₀ are derived, and then a modified p-y curve model of cement-improved soil reinforced piles in soft clay is established.