旧路改造中平面线形拟合的理论探讨

结合工程实践介绍了线形拟合的理论依据,着重介绍最小二乘法在线位拟合中的应用.     

长沙市轨道交通芙蓉广场站地下空间设计

研究目的:全国各大城市,轨道交通正如火如荼地展开了。随着地铁建设的不断深入、设计理念和工程技术的不断成熟。本文试图结合地铁交通网络的高效与便捷,来进行地下空间的商业开发;在设计上体现地域文化的特点,表达湖湘文化的悠久和绚烂。研究结论:(1)通过地下空间二层与地铁站厅层相连通,实现了人行交通的无缝对接,做到了站商一体。(2)结合广场的中庭采光来营造地下空间的舒适环境,将阳光引入地下商场,为市民创造一个充满活力和舒适的魅力空间。(3)在地下空间设计中还应考虑火灾报警与联动控制系统、环境与设备监控系统,通信系统等。     

大众捷运不断电系统的可用度及可靠度分析

分析单一组件的历时可用度行为,探讨对数常态分布可靠度(中位数tmed以及误差因子EF)和指数分布维修度(平均维修时间MTTR)对其可用度的影响,得出数值分析结果:在固定稳态可用度ASS以及平均维修时间MTTR的情况下,中位数tmed越小(或是误差因子EF越大)的组件历时可用度越早单调下降且下降量越大,越晚回弹至其稳态可用度;在固定稳态可用度ASS以及误差因子EF的情况下,具有越大平均维修时间MTTR的组件历时可用度越晚单调下降但下降量不变,也越晚回弹至其稳态可用度.建立不断电系统可用度以及可靠度的分析模式,探讨正常供电、电池备援以及旁通供电3种不同模式对整体可用度以及可靠度的贡献程度,得出数值分析结果:正常供电模式贡献了绝大部分的整体不断电可用度;不考虑维修作业能力,整体不断电系统的可靠度参数MTTF为1184301h.     

扣索张力的最小二乘修正技术

在动态测试技术中 ,由于频率观测误差特别是弯曲刚度的影响 ,使得计算的扣索张力有误差 .文章介绍了运用最小二乘原理修正频率并对扣索张力精度进行估计 .结果表明 :频率修正正确 ,索力精度高 ,保证了吊装过程扣索的安全     

Low-cycle fatigue assessment of offshore mooring chains under service loading

The integrity of mooring chains is essential to the safety of a range of offshore platforms. However, mooring line failures are occurring earlier than their design lives, with a high number of these failures occurring due to fatigue. Early in the fatigue life of the component fatigue initiation processes occur, where the fatigue hotspot is sensitive to the mean load and there is plastic strain accumulation from the multiaxial stress-strain responses of the material, leading to cyclic plastic damage accumulation. The traditional SN approach suggested by mooring standards does not consider these effects, and it is proposed that this lack of consideration under low-cycle fatigue conditions is the reason for the current non-conservative fatigue assessments of mooring chains. This paper aims to develop a fatigue approach based on a critical plane multiaxial fatigue criterion for mooring chains that can consider the damage-induced by the cyclic plasticity and the mean load effect, to investigate the importance of incorporating low-cycle fatigue into the mooring chain life prediction. To develop the critical plane approach, the multiaxial stress-strain states are extracted for the critical plane at the fatigue hotspot from a finite element model of a mooring chain. This is then correlated with a fatigue life prediction provided by conventional fatigue design data. It uses a simulation of an FPSO as a case study to demonstrate the importance of low cycle fatigue, which shows that the mean load effect is significant in reducing the fatigue life for mooring chain applications, while the effect of fatigue damage-induced cyclic plasticity is limited. The fatigue damage accumulation predicted by the critical plane approach is significantly higher than that of the traditional SN approach and should be accounted for in mooring line design.     

On a mean field game approach modeling congestion and aversion in pedestrian crowds

In this paper we present a new class of pedestrian crowd models based on the mean field games theory introduced by Lasry and Lions in 2006. This macroscopic approach is based on a microscopic model, that considers smart pedestrians who rationally interact and anticipate the future. This leads to a forward-backward structure in time. We focus on two-population interactions and validate the modeling with simple examples. Two complementary classes of problems are addressed, namely the case of crowd aversion and the one of congestion. In both cases we describe the model and present numerical solvers (based on the optimization formulation and the partial differential equations respectively). Finally we present numerical tests involving anticipation phenomena and complex group behaviors such as lane formation.     

基于多特征信息和直方图相交的改进Meanshift算法

针对Mean-Shift算法仅利用颜色信息并以Bhattacharya系数为相似性度量导致算法准确率较低的问题,提出一种结合颜色和纹理信息并以直方图交集为相似性度量的跟踪算法。首先用局部二元模式算子提取纹理信息,再以对数比加权直方图取代传统直方图构建目标和候选目标模型,然后根据场景自适应地综合两类特征并通过Mean-Shift算法获得目标的初略位置,最后以直方图交集作为相似性度量并用Powell方法求其极值作为目标在当前帧中位置的估计。实验表明,该算法不仅能增强跟踪的准确性,而且对光照弱、目标与背景颜色近似等情况也有较好的鲁棒性。     

微分中值定理的又一证明方法

用“发现”法证明微分中值定理,精简教学过程,培养学生创造性的思维能力.     

一种基于幂级数展开和最小二乘法的高速公路稳态速度-密度平衡关系式的辨识算法

提出了一种新的辨识Markos Papageorgiou提出的高速公路交通流模型中稳态速度-密度平衡关系式的算法.该算法分为两个步骤,第1步,利用幂级数的原理,将该关系式由非线性模型转换成线性模型;第2步,采用最小二乘法辨识线性模型,并在此基础上获得非线性模型的所有参数,从而达到辨识稳态速度-密度平衡关系式的目的.理论分析和仿真结果均表明,与传统的非线性辨识算法相比,该算法大大提高了模型辨识的运算速度,同时可以实现任意的辨识精度.     

一个车用增压柴油机的平均值模型

本文提出了一个车用增压柴油机工作过程仿真的平均值模型，这个模型重在描述发动机状态变量的时间平均值，结构紧凑，使用方便，实时计算结果与试验值符合较好，适合于电控柴油机硬件在环仿真系统应用。