Life Estimation of Reinforced Concrete Members after Fire

To solve the problem of life estimation of reinforced concrete （RC） members after fire, an analysis is made of the resistance of RC members after fire. On basis of the resistance, the life of RC members after fire is analyzed by using JC （Jukes and Cantor） method. Then the calculation models for the resistance and the life estimation of RC members after fire are put forward, and an example analysis proves their reliability and accuracy.     

Effects of providing total cost of ownership information on consumers’ intent to purchase a hybrid or plug-in electric vehicle

Energy-saving technologies have a difficult time being widely accepted in the marketplace when they have a high initial purchase price and deferred financial benefits. Consumers might not realize that, in the long-run, the financial benefits from reduced energy consumption offset much or all of the initial price premium. One strategy to address consumer misconception of this advantage is to supply information on the “total cost of ownership”, a metric which accounts for the purchase price, the cost of the fuel, and other costs over the ownership period. In this article, we investigate how providing information on five-year fuel cost savings and total cost of ownership affects the stated preferences of consumers to purchase a gasoline, conventional hybrid, plug-in hybrid, or battery electric vehicle. Through an online survey with an embedded experimental design using distinct labels, we find that respondent rankings of vehicles are unaffected by information on five-year fuel cost savings. However, adding information about total cost of ownership increases the probability that small/mid-sized car consumers express a preference to acquire a conventional hybrid, plug-in hybrid, or a battery-electric vehicle. No such effect is found for consumers of small sport utility vehicles. Our results are consistent with other findings in the behavioral economics literature and suggest that further evaluation of the effects of providing consumers with information on the total cost of vehicle ownership is warranted.     

Should we all just stay home? Travel,out-of-home activities,and life satisfaction

How and why travel contributes to our life satisfaction is of considerable import for transportation policy and planning. This paper empirically examines this relationship using data from the American Time Use Survey. It finds that, controlling for relevant demographic, geographic, and temporal covariates, travel time per day is significantly and positively associated with life satisfaction. This relationship is attenuated, but still significant, when the amount of time spent participating in out-of-home activities is controlled for. Time spent bicycling is strongly associated with higher life satisfaction, though it attains significance only in some models; time spent walking is also quite positive, though it is not significant. However, both walking and bicycling are positively and significantly associated with life satisfaction when time spent on purely recreational walking and bicycling is included. Life satisfaction is positively and significantly associated with time spent traveling for the purposes of eating and drinking, religious activities, volunteering, and playing and watching sports. Travel time exhibits a strong positive relationship with life satisfaction in smaller towns and cities, but in large cities the association weakens, and for very large cities travel time may actually not be associated with life satisfaction at all. This may be due to the costs of traffic congestion, which disproportionately exists in large cities. In all, while the associations between travel and life satisfaction are clear, the causal story is complex, with the positive relationships potentially being explained by (1) travel allowing us to access destinations that make us happy, (2) the act of travel itself being fulfilling, and/or (3) intrinsically happier people being more likely to travel. In all likelihood, all three factors are at play.     

插电式混合动力汽车全生命周期环境效益评价

插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）是新能源汽车中的热门车型之一,为评估插电式混合动力汽车环境效益,文章采用全生命周期评价理论,选取丰田雷凌插电式混合动力汽车为研究对象,梳理其材料流和能量流清单数据,基于 GaBi 软件搭建生命周期评价模型,对其进行全生命周期材料资源消耗、化石能源消耗评价。评价结果表明,插电式混合动力汽车在原材料获取阶段的材料资源消耗占比最高,其中锂电池及主减速器所消耗的材料资源量最大,主要原因是在锂电池中使用了锂和较其他车身部件更多的铜等金属资源;插电式混合动力汽车在运行使用阶段的化石能源消耗占比最高,经过公称燃料与实测燃料对比可知,运行使用阶段燃料与电能的大量消耗是运行使用阶段化石能源消耗占比最高的主要原因。     

基于工况分析的混合动力系统设计

通过对上海典型城市工况循环的构建与分析得到了目标车型的基本行驶参数,并分析了加减速过程中整车能量消耗、功率消耗的分布情况。对该车混合动力系统控制策略进行了优化,并在ECE+EUDC联合工况下分别以混合动力模式和传统车模式进行了仿真对比。结果表明,以混合动力模式运行时,整车能够及时跟踪期望车速,并且能按预期目标实现发动机托动、怠速停机、加速助力和制动能量回收功能;该动力系统方案下混合动力运行模式比传统运行模式燃油经济性提高12%以上。     

舰船装备寿命周期费用控制与管理

从舰船装备的寿命周期费用控制与管理入手,分析了外军在舰船装备研制过程中对寿命周期费用进行控制和管理的方法。同时结合我国舰船装备研制过程中寿命周期费用控制和管理的情况,阐述了我国在舰船研制过程中进行寿命周期费用控制和管理的对策。     

现役散货船纵向构件蚀耗率的概率估算

该文以现役散货船测厚报告的数据料为基础,设船体纵向件的蚀耗率为服从威布尔分布的随顶变量,对其数字特征进行估算,并以其频率近似概率,给出了各构件蚀耗率的概率密度曲线、概率率分布曲线及超概率分布曲线。结合参考文献提供的数据,计算出了外板和内底板蚀耗率的均值随船龄变化曲线,从而为船体结构的强度评估和寿命预测提供了有益的参考依据。