GPS一机多天线技术在公路边坡灾害监测中的应用研究

文章主要介绍了GPS一机多天线监测系统及其在公路边坡变形监测中的实际应用情况,通过实践可以证明:GPS一机多天线监测系统的定位精度可以达到3～5mm,与常规的GPS静态相对定位的精度相当,同时能够大大降低GPS监测系统的成本,使得公路边坡灾害监测能够实现高精度、自动化和全天候等目标。     

轻型货车轮胎接地压力分布实测

利用自主开发的轮胎接地压力测试仪,进行了轻型货车不同花纹和不同使用年限轮胎,在不同轮胎胎压和不同负荷作用下,轮胎的接地压力分布规律测量。实测结果发现:轻型货车轮胎与路面的接触形状更接近于矩形;新胎比旧胎的接地压力要均匀些;轮胎胎压与平均接地压力、轮胎负荷与平均接地压力、轮胎负荷与有效接地面积基本上呈线性关系。     

RA抗车辙剂沥青混合料试验研究

文章结合室内试验,探讨了添加RA抗车辙剂的沥青混合料的最佳用油量,并详细分析了不同RA抗车辙剂掺量下的沥青混合料的高温、低温以及水稳定性性能。研究表明,RA抗车辙剂能够有效提高沥青混合料的路用性能。     

昆明市昆洛路改扩建工程设计

昆洛路改扩建工程是连接昆明主城与呈贡新城之间的城市一级主干道,全长22.6km,设双向10车道,立交形式多样,首次采用锚桩结构高边坡技术处理边坡岩土工程,路基处理采用片石夯压法施工,为昆明同类型工程积累了经验。     

世博通道-浦东南路、耀华路设计新理念与实践

浦东南路、耀华路是规划城市主干道,浦东新区路网规划中沿江地区的重要骨架道路之一,也是2010年上海世博会重要通道之一。该文介绍了在道路设计中,以交通为前提,并融入世博会"和谐城市"的规划理念、"城市·让生活更美好"以及"勤俭办博"的主题。     

西部陆海新通道海铁联运发展与对策研究

西路陆海新通道作为西部地区的重要运输通道,内连丝绸之路经济带和长江经济带,外接东南亚、西亚和欧洲地区,具有重要的战略地位。在阐述西部陆海新通道及其海铁联运现状的基础上,针对目前西部陆海新通道合作共建机制不够完善、基础设施有待改进、双向货源不均衡等问题,从完善合作共建机制、加快海铁联运基础设施建设进度和推动双向货源均衡发展等方面对西部陆海新通道多式联运发展对策进行分析,以提升西部陆海新通道的运输质量,有效吸引西部陆海新通道沿线地区的贸易往来,实现西部陆海新通道的协同健康发展。     

北京局集团公司货运高质量发展对策研究

北京局集团公司以"公转铁"为主攻方向,深入推进铁路货运增量行动,提高货运产品供给质量,提升货运市场竞争力,实现货运稳定增长,引领铁路货运高质量发展。通过阐述北京局集团公司货运发展现状,从货运增量任务艰巨、物流市场竞争激烈、货运站场能力亟需补强、信息系统缺乏有效整合等方面分析影响因素,探讨北京局集团公司货运高质量发展对策,即:多措并举,实现货运稳定增长;提质增效,提升货运产品供给质量;创新驱动,引领货运高质量发展。     

Generating lane-based intersection maps from crowdsourcing big trace data

Lane-based road information plays a critical role in transportation systems, a lane-based intersection map is the most important component in a detailed road map of the transportation infrastructure. Researchers have developed various algorithms to detect the spatial layout of intersections based on sensor data such as high-definition images/videos, laser point cloud data, and GPS traces, which can recognize intersections and road segments; however, most approaches do not automatically generate Lane-based Intersection Maps (LIMs). The objective of our study is to generate LIMs automatically from crowdsourced big trace data using a multi-hierarchy feature extraction strategy. The LIM automatic generation method proposed in this paper consists of the initial recognition of road intersections, intersection layout detection, and lane-based intersection map-generation. The initial recognition process identifies intersection and non-intersection areas using spatial clustering algorithms based on the similarity of angle and distance. The intersection layout is composed of exit and entry points, obtained by combining trajectory integration algorithms and turn rules at road intersections. The LIM generation step is finally derived from the intersection layout detection results and lane-based road information, based on geometric matching algorithms. The effectiveness of our proposed LIM generation method is demonstrated using crowdsourced vehicle traces. Additional comparisons and analysis are also conducted to confirm recognition results. Experiments show that the proposed method saves time and facilitates LIM refinement from crowdsourced traces more efficiently than methods based on other types of sensor data.     

Roads in transition: Integrated modeling of a manufacturer-traveler-infrastructure system in a mixed autonomous/human driving environment

This paper develops an integrated model to characterize the market penetration of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in urban transportation networks. The model explicitly accounts for the interplay among the AV manufacturer, travelers with heterogeneous values of travel time (VOTT), and road infrastructure capacity. By making in-vehicle time use more leisurely or productive, AVs reduce travelers’ VOTT. In addition, AVs can move closer together than human-driven vehicles because of shorter safe reaction time, which leads to increased road capacity. On the other hand, the use of AV technologies means added manufacturing cost and higher price. Thus, traveler adoption of AVs will trade VOTT savings with additional out-of-pocket cost. The model is structured as a leader (AV manufacturer)-follower (traveler) game. Given the cost of producing AVs, the AV manufacturer sets AV price to maximize profit while anticipating AV market penetration. Given an AV price, the vehicle and routing choice of heterogeneous travelers are modeled by combining a multinomial logit model with multi-modal multi-class user equilibrium (UE). The overall problem is formulated as a mathematical program with complementarity constraints (MPCC), which is challenging to solve. We propose a solution approach based on piecewise linearization of the MPCC as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) and solving the MILP to global optimality. Non-uniform distribution of breakpoints that delimit piecewise intervals and feasibility-based domain reduction are further employed to reduce the approximation error brought by linearization. The model is implemented in a simplified Singapore network with extensive sensitivity analyses and the Sioux Falls network. Computational results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the solution approach and yield valuable insights about transportation system performance in a mixed autonomous/human driving environment.     

Do people drive safer when accidents are more expensive: Testing for moral hazard in experience rating schemes

Using individual policies and claims data from the Croatian mandatory motor insurance we test the theoretical proposition that under moral hazard, experience rated pricing scheme should generate the negative state dependence in claims, i.e. that drivers should drive more safely after they had an accident. The empirical challenge in these tests is to disentangle the state dependence from unobserved heterogeneity. We propose a simple approach based on the explicit reliance on the cost of future accidents function which is used to filter out the pure incentives effect, whereas the bonus-malus scale is used to control for pure heterogeneity. Our results confirm the existence of negative dependence in claims indicating the presence of significant moral hazard effect. Increasing a 3-year cost of having an accident by approximately US$20 decreases the probability of having an accident by 6.5%.