Personal tradable carbon permits for road transport: Why, why not and who wins?

Personal road transport sector poses a significant challenge in reducing carbon emissions. This paper evaluates a policy approach known as personal tradable carbon permits to reduce carbon emissions from personal vehicles. The policy is a downstream tradable permit where individuals are allocated carbon emission caps. The policy is qualitatively evaluated in the context of carbon taxes and some upstream tradable permit options. The biggest disadvantage of such a policy is the initial set up costs. Personal tradable permits, however, are more effective than carbon taxes and are also capable of stabilizing the gasoline prices faced by the consumers when the underlying oil prices fluctuate. Since equity effects are often a concern to policy makers, the effect of such personal carbon permits on the distribution of burden is quantified in a partial equilibrium framework for the US population. Different permit allocation strategies are investigated in this regard. Using US consumer expenditure survey data, and incorporating a differentiated price response for different households, we find that all three allocation strategies considered are progressive: a per adult based allocation is the most progressive, a per vehicle allocation nearer to proportional, and a per capita allocation in between the two. Personal tradable permits therefore take care of equity concerns directly through the design of the policy.     

全国治超信息管理系统研究中的网络性能仿真分析

文章从全国联网的角度研究全国治理公路车辆超载超限信息管理系统,用网络仿真软件对系统的网络性能进行了模拟仿真,同时对系统网络的关键参数作初步评估,为完善全国联网治超系统的建设提供了技术参考。     

Traffic congestion pricing methodologies and technologies

This paper reviews the methods and technologies for congestion pricing of roads. Congestion tolls can be implemented at scales ranging from individual lanes on single links to national road networks. Tolls can be differentiated by time of day, road type and vehicle characteristics, and even set in real time according to current traffic conditions. Conventional toll booths have largely given way to electronic toll collection technologies. The main technology categories are roadside-only systems employing digital photography, tag & beacon systems that use short-range microwave technology, and in-vehicle-only systems based on either satellite or cellular network communications. The best technology choice depends on the application. The rate at which congestion pricing is implemented, and its ultimate scope, will depend on what technology is used and on what other functions and services it can perform.     

弧形底宽箱梁横向预应力空间作用效应分析

以上海市中环线工程为工程背景 ,讨论了宽跨比较大的弧形底单箱多室箱梁在横向预应力作用下的受力特性。建立空间有限元模型分析横向预应力的空间效应 ,分别讨论了横梁和顶板中横向预应力对结构的影响 ,得出箱梁横向应力沿结构纵向和横向的分布规律。     

摊铺压实机械的配套选型与正确使用 1

本文作者就自已在实际道路施工中,对柔性路面摊铺、压实机械的配套,选型与正确使用进行了实质性的研究与探讨.从工程规模、施工方法、施工现场状况、施工工期、劳务人员的组合等方面进行了论述,并进一步对订购使用国外摊铺,压实机械时应注意的问题提出了建设性意见,值得借鉴.     

筑路机械设计技术经济效益评价

本文较为详细地论述和分析了筑路机械的技术经济效益及评价(其中包括在考虑使用概率特点条件下的筑路机械及其应用的主要技术经济效益指标),生产率、技术水平、竞争性、新技术和发明效益的确定方法,以及筑路工程机械技术经济效益的计算实例.     

A H-7 0石油沥青路用性能的试验研究

依据我国重交通AH-70石油沥青技术标准和美国SHRP沥青路用性能的研究成果，对“东方牌”AH-70石油沥青进行了路用性能的试验研究，并与沪宁高速公路使用的2种名牌沥青进行比较，用“东海牌”AH-70石油沥青与2种名牌进口沥青制作AK-16A沥青混合料，进行车辙试验和抗水害能力的试验，验证了“东海牌”AH-70石油沥青与2种进口沥青高温稳定性和抗水害能力相当。     

南阳脱油沥青的性质研究

以减压渣油和催化油浆为原料进行丙烷脱油沥青，在一定工艺条件下，控制脱油沥青收率，取得2种合格的沥青大样，对其性质进行了评价，并与胜化100号道路沥青进行详细对比，研究发现，脱油青可直接作为合格的道路沥青使用，并且在低温延度，耐热性及耐老化性方面要优于胜华100号道路沥青。