Fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control for the automobiles’ active suspension system

Two typical criteria for good vehicle suspension performance are their ability to provide good road handling and increased passenger comfort. The main disturbance affecting these two criteria is terrain irregularities. Active suspension control systems reduce these undesirable effects by isolating car body motion from vibrations at the wheels. This paper describes fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control (AFC) schemes for the automobile active suspension system (ASS). The design objective is to provide smooth vertical motion so as to achieve the road holding and riding comfort over a wide range of road profiles. The efficacy of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated via simulations. With respect to the optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR), it is shown that superior results have been achieved by the AFC.     

悬臂施工连续梁桥合龙设计优化及影响分析

合龙阶段的施工工序对多跨连续梁桥的内力和累计位移均有一定的影响,以一座4跨连续梁桥为例,根据合龙阶段预应力钢束张拉阶段的不同,建立该桥的两种有限元模型,根据各个施工阶段的分析结果,对比分析预应力张拉阶段对梁体内力、累计位移的影响。结果发现,预应力张拉阶段对多跨连续梁桥结构的内力影响较小,对梁体结构的累计位移影响较大,根据分析结果,对该桥的合龙工序进行了优化。建议多跨连续梁桥在进行安全设计的同时应考虑结构线形控制的难度,对合龙工序进行优化。     

A frequency-based maritime container assignment model

This paper transfers the classic frequency-based transit assignment method of Spiess and Florian to containers demonstrating its promise as the basis for a global maritime container assignment model. In this model, containers are carried by shipping lines operating strings (or port rotations) with given service frequencies. An origin–destination matrix of full containers is assigned to these strings to minimize sailing time plus container dwell time at the origin port and any intermediate transhipment ports. This necessitated two significant model extensions. The first involves the repositioning of empty containers so that a net outflow of full containers from any port is balanced by a net inflow of empty containers, and vice versa. As with full containers, empty containers are repositioned to minimize the sum of sailing and dwell time, with a facility to discount the dwell time of empty containers in recognition of the absence of inventory. The second involves the inclusion of an upper limit to the maximum number of container moves per unit time at any port. The dual variable for this constraint provides a shadow price, or surcharge, for loading or unloading a container at a congested port. Insight into the interpretation of the dual variables is given by proposition and proof. Model behaviour is illustrated by a simple numerical example. The paper concludes by considering the next steps toward realising a container assignment model that can, amongst other things, support the assessment of supply chain vulnerability to maritime disruptions.     

自锚式斜拉—悬索协作体系桥活载响应分析

结合一座自锚式斜拉—悬索协作体系桥的方案设计,采用了非线性和线性二阶两种方法对活载作用下的结构体系进行了对比计算,讨论了能否用线性二阶的方法替代非线性方法的可行性,对这一体系桥梁的研究与工程设计有一定的参考价值。     

The train platforming problem: The infrastructure management company perspective

If railway companies ask for station capacity numbers, their underlying question is in fact one about the platformability of extra trains. Train platformability depends not only on the infrastructure, buffer times, and the desired departure and arrival times of the trains, but also on route durations, which depend on train speeds and lengths, as well as on conflicts between routes at any given time. We consider all these factors in this paper. We assume a current train set and a future one, where the second is based on the expected traffic increase through the station considered. The platforming problem is about assigning a platform to each train, together with suitable in- and out-routes. Route choices lead to different route durations and imply different in-route-begin and out-route-end times. Our module platforms the maximum possible weighted sum of trains in the current and future train set. The resulting number of trains can be seen as the realistic capacity consumption of the schedule. Our goal function allows for current trains to be preferably allocated to their current platforms.Our module is able to deal with real stations and train sets in a few seconds and has been fully integrated by Infrabel, the Belgian Infrastructure Management Company, in their application called Ocapi, which is now used to platform existing and projected train sets and to determine the capacity consumption.     

Mathematical properties and constraints representation for bottom-up approaches to the evaluation of GHG mitigation policies

Bottom-up models, including MARKAL, MESSAGE and AIM, are widely used when analyzing the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement policies. These bottom-up models are mostly formulated as a linear programming (LP) optimization model to find both the minimal cost combination of abatement technologies and energy flows while satisfying demands. It is not unusual that the bottom-up modeling involves a great number of technical, industrial, socioeconomic and environmental constraints. Investigating representative constraints needed for analyzing GHG abatement policies, this study proposes how to implement these constraints in bottom-up modeling.     

非对称悬臂施工大跨度连续刚构桥设计研究

为降低边墩较高情况下的连续刚构桥边跨现浇段的施工难度,设计非对称悬臂施工方案以降低边跨现浇段的长度。分析非对称悬臂施工方案的孔跨布置及梁段划分,介绍该桥的预应力设计,建立考虑施工阶段的有限元模型,分析不对称悬臂施工阶段的梁体应力,并针对不对称悬臂施工梁段的预应力钢束进行不同锚固位置的对比分析,根据分析结果,选择合理的锚固位置。针对不对称悬臂施工对梁体累计位移的影响进行参数分析,根据分析结果,对施工过程中的线形控制重点提出建议。     

线性代数教学之己见

线性代数是工科院校各专业的一门重要基础课,教育部将其列入重点评估课程之一。近些年来,随着计算机技术的不断发展,线性代数理论在实践中的应用也日益广泛,线性代数课程内容相对抽象,不易接受,难以理解。如何使学生较好地掌握课程的主要内容,培养学生熟练的运算能力及严密的逻辑思维能力,是我们教学工作者日常教学活动中所面临的主要问题,笔者结合数年的教学实践,浅谈对《线性代数》教学的体会。     

可变线载荷压轮的设计与探讨

介绍了一种独特新颖的可变线载荷刚性光轮压路机压轮碾压面的结构设计，探讨了此结构压轮的线载荷变化特性及实用性。该设计实现了压路机压实作业中线载荷随碾压材料密实度的提高也相应增大的理想工况，扩大了压路机的作业范围和压实能力     

Root mean square optimization criterion for vibration behaviour of linear quarter car using analytical methods

In this paper, a linear two-degree-of-freedom quarter car model is used to derive a number of analytical formulae describing the dynamic behaviour of passively suspended vehicles running on a harmonically bumped road. The linearity of the system allows us to analytically investigate the steady-state response characteristics. We derive analytical expressions for the root mean square (RMS) of the sprung mass absolute acceleration and relative displacement. This paper demonstrates the shortcomings of existing classical optimization methods. Hence we introduce a new optimization method based on minimizing the absolute acceleration RMS with respect to the relative displacement RMS. The RMS optimization method is applied for the symbolic derivation of analytical formulae featuring the best compromise among conflicting performance indices pertaining to the vehicle suspension system, i.e., sprung mass acceleration and working space. The proposed optimization technique is utilized to find the optimal damping and stiffness curves for the main suspension. The RMS optimal values are used to create design charts for suspension parameters, which are very useful particularly in the presence of physical constraints such as a limit on relative displacement. We introduce a numerical example to illustrate the optimality of the obtained solutions.