大型船舶平面分段智能车间的物流系统

目前,车间级的物流系统调度问题研究主要通过信息采集和现场监控解决,并没有通过优化算法进行实际分析。本文主要研究大型船舶平面分段智能车间的工件、物流设备的调度问题。首先将平面分段中的不同工位进行重组,同时将天车和卡车进行并行处理。其次引入有阻塞的混合流水线车间调度模型,搭建大型船舶平面分段智能车间物流系统的数学模型。最终基于粒子群优化算法(PSO),计算部件加工时间最短的数值仿真。     

A framework to evaluate policy options for supporting electric vehicles in urban freight transport

Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered as a feasible alternative to traditional vehicles. Few studies have addressed the impacts of policies supporting EVs in urban freight transport. To cast light on this topic, we established a framework combining an optimization model with economic analysis to determine the optimal behavior of an individual delivery service provider company and social impacts (e.g., externalities and welfare) in response to policies designed to support EVs, such as purchase subsidy, limited access (zone fee) to congestion/low-emission zones with exemptions for EVs, and vehicle taxes with exemptions for EVs. Numerical experiments showed that the zone fee can increase the company’s total logistics costs but improve the social welfare. It greatly reduced the external cost inside the congestion/low-emission zone with a high population, dense pollution, and heavy traffic. The vehicle taxes and subsidy were found to have the same influence on the company and society, although they have different effects with low tax/subsidy rates because their different effects on vehicle routing plans. Finally, we performed a sensitivity analysis. Local factors at the company and city levels (e.g., types of vehicle and transport network) are also important to designing efficient policies for urban logistics that support EVs.     

Lifecycle modeling and assessment of unmanned aerial vehicles (Drones) CO2e emissions

There are no studies that model the potential effectiveness of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or drones to reduce CO₂e lifecycle (including both utilization and vehicle phase) emissions when compared to conventional diesel vans, electric trucks, electric vans, and tricycles. This study presents a novel analysis of lifecycle UAV and ground commercial vehicles CO₂e emissions. Different route and customer configurations are modeled analytically. Utilizing real-word data, tradeoffs and comparative advantages of UAVs are discussed. Breakeven points for operational emissions are obtained and the results clearly indicate that UAVs are more CO₂e efficient, for small payloads, than conventional diesel vans in a per-distance basis. Drastically different results are obtained when customers can be grouped in a delivery route. UAV deliveries are not more CO₂e efficient than tricycle or electric van delivery services if a few customers can be grouped in a route. Vehicle phase CO₂e emissions for UAVs are significant and must be taken into account. Ground vehicles are more efficient when comparing vehicles production and disposal emissions per delivery.     

Sequencing twin automated stacking cranes in a block at automated container terminal

In the considered automated container terminal (ACT) that is designed for Shanghai Yangsha Terminal, two automated stacking cranes (ASCs) are configured for each block and they interact with automated lifting vehicles (ALVs) at the two ends of a block individually. To increase the capacity, container yards with multiple rows of blocks perpendicular to the terminal’s shoreline are considered. To utilize the yard spaces, the twin ASCs are devised to share the same tracks installed at the two sides of a block, while interferences between the ASCs challenge the routing and sequencing operations. To isolate the control and simplify the coordination of the two ASCs, the interference between ASCs is formulated by analyzing the minimal temporal intervals between any two tasks. Three models are then established to sequence the container handling tasks under the minimization of the makespan. An exact algorithm and a genetic algorithm are designed to solve the problem. Numerical experiments show that the algorithms are competitive comparing to on-the-shelf solvers. Practical implications are investigated based on the formulations and experimental results. The managerial implications and technological aspects of applying the formulations and algorithms to practical situations to real-world ACTs are discussed.     

铁路冷链物流发展模式研究

通过分析国内外冷藏运输的发展变化过程及其影响要素,探寻冷藏运输的发展规律,分析食品冷链物流及其关键技术在我国的应用发展状况,研究我国铁路参与并发展冷链物流服务的模式和方法。     

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首先结合公路运输企业的自身特点和现代物流的发展要求，建立了公路运输企业向物流企业转型的资质评价指标体系，在此基拙上构造了主客观相结合的指标权重动态赋权方法.其次，通过构造最优矩阵和最劣矩阵，并运用模糊综合评价方法进行了综合评价.最后结合具体实例对评价方法进行了对比分析.     

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在物流配送中,车辆调度的本质是物流公司利用自己有限的资源,在一定条件下,利用社会资源来完成客户货物移动的需求.本文从这个本质出发,分析了我国车辆调度中具有的多配送中心,多车型,集货、送货、集送一体化业务混合,以及配送受交通状况影响较大这四个特点.针对这些特.点,文章在最后提出了物流配送中,车辆调度所研究的重点和关键技术,以便构建真正实用的车辆调度系统.     

Developing environmentally sustainable logistics: Exploring themes and challenges from a logistics service providers’ perspective

The purpose of this paper is to explore themes and challenges in developing environmentally sustainable logistical activities.The approach is explorative with a cross sectional design that takes advantage of ten case studies out of selected logistics service providers (LSPs) operating primarily in the Scandinavian countries.The findings illustrate the major themes by analyzing current and future activities in developing environmentally sustainable logistical activities. In addition, four categories of challenges are identified: customer priorities, managerial complexity, network imbalance, and technological and legislative uncertainties. It is concluded that there is a great need for a holistic perspective where LSPs and product owners together analyze and design future logistical setups.The suggested holistic and integrative model, building on a three-dimensional concurrent engineering framework, provides new opportunities for research. Further research is needed to improve the interrelationship between LSPs and their customers in the development of sustainable logistical solutions.This paper puts forward recommendations for the sustainable development of logistics by combining the results from the case studies with a review of related literature. This will be beneficial for managers and policy makers when they approach sustainable logistical challenges. The emergence and synthesis of themes and challenges are critical for a sustainable society.     

基于马尔科夫—Verhulst模型的铁路货运量预测研究

铁路货运量是一个地区经济发展的先行指标之一,准确预测铁路货运量能够为该地区的发展规划起到指导作用。针对传统灰色Verhulst模型在进行铁路货运量预测时模型误差较大的问题,运用马尔科夫链模型对传统Verhulst模型的预测结果进行修正改进,以提高模型的预测精度。最后,通过引入实际案例,验证了经过马尔科夫链改进的灰色Verhulst模型在预测精度方面有了大幅度的提高,适用于甘肃省铁路货运量的预测。因此,应用该模型对甘肃省2015年到2017年的铁路货运量进行预测,为该地区的物流运输及其他相关行业的发展提供可靠的指标依据。     

浅谈铁路商品汽车物流基地建设

物流基地是铁路商品汽车运输的起点和终点,担负着商品汽车铁路运输承运前集结和到达后仓储、分拨的重要角色。大力建设铁路商品汽车物流基地,是全面加强铁路物流设施设备建设,实现铁路向现代物流转型发展的重要举措。统筹考虑铁路商品汽车物流发展存在的问题,剖析铁路商品汽车物流发展形势,认为建设和完善铁路商品汽车物流基地是加快铁路商品汽车物流发展的必然要求,提出物流基地选址原则及建设要求,给出完善铁路商品汽车物流基地建设与发展配套措施。用实例验证铁路商品汽车物流基地建设措施的可行性。