船舶机舱自动化系统的发展趋势研究

简要回顾了船舶机舱自动化系统的发展历程,从技术进步的角度阐述了船舶机舱自动化的最新进展和发展方向,同时对一个典型的最新型自动化系统进行了简要分析。     

Planning guidelines for metro–bus interchanges by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model

The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station.     

A comparison of modelled and real-life driving profiles for the simulation of railway vehicle operation

A key factor in determining the performance of a railway system is the speed profile of the trains within the network. There can be significant variation in this speed profile for identical trains on identical routes, depending on how the train is driven. A better understanding and control of speed profiles can therefore offer significant potential for improvements in the performance of railway systems. This paper develops a model to allow the variability of real-life driving profiles of railway vehicles to be quantitatively described and predicted, in order to better account for the effects on the speed profile of the train and hence the performance of the railway network as a whole. The model is validated against data from the Tyne and Wear Metro, and replicates the measured data to a good degree of accuracy.     

Can ports increase traffic while reducing inputs? Technical efficiency of Spanish Port Authorities using a directional distance function approach

The focus of this paper is on the productive efficiency of ports. We estimate a directional technology distance function using parametric techniques to analyze the production technology and technical efficiency of a set of Spanish Port Authorities observed over the period 1993–2012. Technical inefficiency is conceived as the ability of ports to simultaneously expand a given output and contract variable inputs while maintaining quasi-fixed inputs and other outputs constant. Thus, for containerized cargo we address the following question: Given the amount of quasi-fixed inputs used by the firm and given the volume of the other outputs (liquids, solids, non-containerized cargo and passenger traffic), could ports increase their containerized merchandise while simultaneously reducing their variable inputs? Similar questions are asked for solid bulk and non-containerized general cargo. Our results show evidence of technical inefficiency among the ports in our sample. In particular, if the ports operated efficiently, we find that containerized cargo could be expanded by an average of over 6.4%, with an equivalent reduction in variable inputs. Solid bulk cargo and general non-containerized cargo could be increased by 4.1% and 6.1% respectively, with corresponding reductions in variable inputs. An implication of our results is that there is ample scope for specialization on the part of ports with no increase in infrastructure costs. Given that large investments in infrastructure have been made in Spanish port over the last decade, this opens the possibility of moving towards a management model based on taking advantage of existing capacity rather than new investments.     

长江干线航道整治建筑物技术状况时空特征分析*

随长江干线航道基础设施体系的逐步完善,航道整治建筑物养护问题受到广泛关注。以长江干线航道养护数据为基础,通过泰尔指数、莫兰指数、标准距离等计算分析,研究航道整治建筑物技术状况时空特征。结果表明：航道整治建筑物数量及技术状况总体上逐年提升,2019年是泰尔指数转折发生年份;丁坝和护滩带等整治建筑物的养护需要重点关注;长江干线航道整治建筑物技术状况分布呈现显著的集聚效应,上游航道整治建筑物技术状况分布相较中、下游更集中。     

基于交通信息的电动汽车制动策略及仿真

为了提高滑行能量回收经济性和踏板制动安全性、舒适性,基于交通信息,提出了电动汽车(EV)制动协调策略。分析了滑行制动的经济性,由交通信息和汽车行驶状态确定滑行制动强度;由道路信息和前方车辆信息建立汽车安全距离模型和碰撞预警策略,利用预警信息对滑行制动和踏板制动强度进行协调。对本策略进行仿真验证。结果表明:利用交通信息的滑行策略,在通行良好工况下综合能耗减少1.1%,拥堵工况下减轻驾驶员的制动疲劳;预警和协调策略避免了频繁预警,减小了紧急避撞触发几率。因此,利用交通信息能够辅助驾驶员进行更加合理的制动。     

山路行驶的柴油车污染物排放特性试验

在山路和平路上,进行了不同载荷下国V柴油车的实际道路行驶排放(RDE)试验.采集车速、海拔、氮氧化物(Nox)和颗粒物数量(PN)排放浓度等数据,分析了道路坡度、车辆载荷与输出功率对排放的影响.研究发现:测试柴油车辆,在平均坡度约6％山路行驶时Nox排放因子高于平路20％以上,PN低于平路20％以上.道路坡度自0增大到...     

车规级无人驾驶线控底盘车研发及其场景化应用

文章分析了低速无人车的应用前景及目前遇到的问题,并基于正向开发原则构建了一套无人驾驶线控底盘车综合解决方案,提出了无人巡逻、无人售卖、无人送餐等场景化落地应用场景.     

LGF复合材料在商用车中的应用研究

LGF即为长玻纤增强热塑性复合材料,具有密度低、比强度高、回收利用率高等特点,对汽车轻量化的发展具有重要意义。文章介绍了长玻纤增强热塑性复合材料在国内外的发展状况、成型工艺、性能特点、现有问题及解决办法,最后针对商用车轻量化的要求,提出采用长玻纤增强PP材料代替原铝合金走台板方案。     

湖北沪渝高速长大纵坡交通安全改造方案

文章主要对山区高速公路长度较大,且坡度较陡路段的交通事故分析,捋清各种事故的共同特点和诱发因素,从事故状况、路线状况、事故原因分析、交通设施的角度对湖北沪渝高速公路鄂西段提出了安全改造方案,由于运营的原因,现在进行安全改造不太可能采用路线的措施。上面所提到的措施可以同时运用,也可以选用其中一种或几种,都将在一定程度上减少事故次数、降低事故严重程度。在此基础上,为鄂西段高速公路的安全管理提出一些参考建议,为高速公路长大下坡路段的安全设计与风险管控提供有益的指导。