汽车双横臂式悬架转向梯形断开点位置优化

利用多刚体系统动力学中的Ｒ－Ｗ方法对双横臂式架转向机构进行空间运动计算，编制了断开点位置优化设计程序，与传统的平面作图法和平面解析法相比，考虑了更多的因素，并根据实际需要加入了权重函数，使计算结果更符合实际情况。     

结构固有振动特性设计的最优动力学修改原理

本文以线性广义特征值问题的矩阵摄动法为理论工具,分析了一般振动结构的固有振频和固有振型对结构质量和刚度(包括内部连接刚度和边界约束刚度)修改的灵敏度特性,得到了一系列有实用价值的结论,其中指出了对结构进行摄动修改的最灵敏位置。这些分析结果实际上表明了结构固有振动特性设计的最优动力学修改原理,据此可使大型、复杂结构动态特性灵敏度分析的计算量大大减少,也可使灵敏度分析结果的可靠性和完整性得以改善。它对于有效地进行结构的动态特性优化设计及振动控制等具有重要意义。     

New methodology for fast prediction of wheel wear evolution

In railway applications wear prediction in the wheel–rail interface is a fundamental matter in order to study problems such as wheel lifespan and the evolution of vehicle dynamic characteristic with time. However, one of the principal drawbacks of the existing methodologies for calculating the wear evolution is the computational cost. This paper proposes a new wear prediction methodology with a reduced computational cost. This methodology is based on two main steps: the first one is the substitution of the calculations over the whole network by the calculation of the contact conditions in certain characteristic point from whose result the wheel wear evolution can be inferred. The second one is the substitution of the dynamic calculation (time integration calculations) by the quasi-static calculation (the solution of the quasi-static situation of a vehicle at a certain point which is the same that neglecting the acceleration terms in the dynamic equations). These simplifications allow a significant reduction of computational cost to be obtained while maintaining an acceptable level of accuracy (error order of 5–10%). Several case studies are analysed along the paper with the objective of assessing the proposed methodology. The results obtained in the case studies allow concluding that the proposed methodology is valid for an arbitrary vehicle running through an arbitrary track layout.     

Data-driven train set crash dynamics simulation

Traditional finite element (FE) methods are arguably expensive in computation/simulation of the train crash. High computational cost limits their direct applications in investigating dynamic behaviours of an entire train set for crashworthiness design and structural optimisation. On the contrary, multi-body modelling is widely used because of its low computational cost with the trade-off in accuracy. In this study, a data-driven train crash modelling method is proposed to improve the performance of a multi-body dynamics simulation of train set crash without increasing the computational burden. This is achieved by the parallel random forest algorithm, which is a machine learning approach that extracts useful patterns of force–displacement curves and predicts a force–displacement relation in a given collision condition from a collection of offline FE simulation data on various collision conditions, namely different crash velocities in our analysis. Using the FE simulation results as a benchmark, we compared our method with traditional multi-body modelling methods and the result shows that our data-driven method improves the accuracy over traditional multi-body models in train crash simulation and runs at the same level of efficiency.     

Geometric-based tyre vertical force estimation and stiffness parameterisation for automotive and unmanned vehicle applications

Advanced empirical, and physical-based tyre models have proven to be accurate for simulating tyre dynamics; however, these tyre models typically require expensive and intensive tyre parameterisation. Recent research into wheeled unmanned ground vehicles requiring vertical force analysis has shown good results using a simple linear spring model for the tyre which demonstrate the continued use for simple tyre models; however, parameterisation of the tyre still remains a challenge when load test equipment is not available. This paper presents a cost-effective tyre vertical stiffness parameterisation procedure using only measured tyre geometry and air pressure for applications where high-fidelity tyre models are unnecessary. Vertical forces calculated through an air volume optimisation approach are used to estimate tyre vertical stiffness. Nine tyres from the literature are compared to evaluate the performance of the vertical force estimation and stiffness parameterisation algorithms. Experimental results on a pair of ATV tyres are also presented.     

对置活塞二冲程汽油机动力学特性分析

结合对置活塞二冲程汽油机对置曲柄连杆机构的设计要求,提出了4种布置方案,利用Matlab/Simulink建立了动力学仿真模型,分析了不同方案的动力学特性。结果表明,活塞运动相位差一定时,4种方案的活塞相对运动规律和缸体横向力变化规律相同;随着相位差增大,缸体横向力波动幅值增大,平衡性变差。轴对称布置的对置曲柄连杆机构曲轴旋向相反,对置活塞对缸体的侧压力方向相同;中心对称布置的对置曲柄连杆机构曲轴旋向相同,对置活塞对缸体的侧压力方向相反。轴对称布置的缸体竖直方向合力受相位差的影响极小,约为传统发动机的2倍,相对缸体中心的力矩随相位差的增大其幅值增大;中心对称布置的缸体竖直方向合力随着相位差的增大而增大,且远小于传统发动机,相对缸体中心的力矩受相位差的影响极小。方案3中进排气侧缸体侧压力的方向及变化规律有利于气缸体水平布置的缸套润滑和实现两侧曲轴的同向同步。     

动力集中动车组二系空簧动力转向架研究

文章介绍了一种适用于280 km/h动力集中动车组的动力转向架,其二系悬挂装置采用空气弹簧,详细阐述了其结构特点和主要技术参数,分析了转向架的构架、驱动制动单元、轮对轴箱、悬挂装置和牵引装置等主要部件。对转向架的动力学性能进行了仿真分析和计算,研究结果表明转向架的设计及动力学性能符合欧洲相关标准及TSI指令的要求。     

基于乘客舒适度的悬挂式单轨平面圆曲线参数研究

由于车辆结构的差别,悬挂式单轨平面圆曲线参数与传统轮轨相差较大。为研究合理的圆曲线参数取值,本文运用行驶动力学理论,从乘客舒适度角度,对最小平面曲线半径和最小圆曲线长度等参数进行了计算研究,提出了相应的取值建议。当车辆最大偏转角不大于6. 843°,最大未被平衡离心加速度不大于0. 8 m/s~2,车速为80km/h时,最小平面曲线半径应不小于250 m。由于悬挂式单轨车辆的悬挂结构和参数与传统轮轨车辆存在较大区别,其最小圆曲线长度应不小于2V,是传统轮轨铁路的4倍。后续可在此研究成果基础上,利用车线耦合动力学理论,对乘坐舒适性、车线动力响应、车辆性能与线路参数之间的匹配关系等进行进一步研究,并综合考虑建设成本、运营维修等因素,合理确定各项参数。     

重载机车车钩自由角对轮轨动态安全性能的影响

为了探明重载机车车钩自由角对机车运用安全性能的影响规律,运用大系统动力学理论,仿真计算相同制动速度不同车钩自由角、不同制动速度相同车钩自由角时的轮轨动态安全性能标.结果表明:在相同初始制动速度(80 km·h~(-1))条件下,当车钩最大自由角为3°时,轮轨动态安全性指标满足运行要求,轨距动态扩大量较小,轮轨接触点分布正常;当车钩最大自由角为4°时,则轮轴横向力不能满足安全运行要求,轨距动态扩大非常明显,出现了轮缘和钢轨侧面接触、轮轨接触点集中等异常现象.车钩最大自由角为3°时的制动初始速度的安全限值为82 km·h~(-1).计算结果与实际运用得出的结论一致.     

减振器安装刚度对机车车辆固有频率的影响

运用SIMPACK仿真软件建立机车车辆的整车动力学计算模型,分析一系垂向减振器,二系垂向和横向减振器安装刚度对车辆固有频率的影响。结果表明,减振器安装刚度对构架和车体的固有频率均有影响,为机车车辆设计提供相应的参考。