铰接式集装箱平车动力学建模与仿真

建立了铰接式集装箱平车的非线性动力学模型。在建模过程中,对三大件式转向架、车体间铰接结构等关键部件的处理方法进行了分析,并运用SI MPACK多体动力学仿真软件研究了铰接式集装箱平车车辆系统的运动稳定性、运行平稳性及曲线通过性能。分析结果表明,该车具有较好的动力学性能,能够满足运行要求。     

Creating models of road sections and their use in driving dynamics simulations

The paper describes a system for measuring road section parameters in a way that the results can be used in driving dynamics simulations. The system consists of sensorics and a data acquisition subsystem supported by software for generating 3D road section geometrical models. These models are then used as driving surfaces in dynamics simulation packages to investigate and analyse different aspects of road design and its role in traffic accident analysis, reconstruction and prevention. The paper presents examples of measurements, road section modelling and simulation results, obtained by means of different software simulation tools. It discusses possibilities of further development and improvement of the system.     

Road curvature estimation for vehicle lane departure detection using a robust Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy observer

In this paper, a lane departure detection method is studied and evaluated via a professional vehicle dynamics software. Based on a robust fuzzy observer designed with unmeasurable premise variables with unknown inputs, the road curvature is estimated and compared with the vehicle trajectory curvature. The difference between the two curvatures is used by the proposed algorithm as the first driving risk indicator. To reduce false alarms and take into account the driver corrections, a second driving risk indicator is considered, which is based on the steering dynamics, and it gives the time to the lane keeping. The used nonlinear model deduced from the vehicle lateral dynamics and a vision system is represented by an uncertain Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model. Taking into account the unmeasured variables, an unknown input fuzzy observer is then proposed. Synthesis conditions of the proposed fuzzy observer are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities using Lyapunov method. The proposed approach is evaluated under different driving scenarios using a software simulator. Simulation results show good efficiency of the proposed method.     

Ride quality evaluation of a vehicle with a planar suspension system

The longitudinal connection between a chassis and a wheel in a conventional vehicle suspension system is commonly very stiff than the vertical connection. Such a mechanism can efficiently isolate vibrations and absorb shocks in the vertical direction but cannot sufficiently attenuate the impact in the longitudinal direction. In order to overcome such a limitation, a planar suspension system (PSS) with spring–damper struts in both the longitudinal and vertical directions is proposed so that the vibration along any direction in the wheel rotation plane can be isolated. In this paper, the dynamic responses of a vehicle with PSS due to a single bump and random road unevenness are investigated. The ride quality of the vehicle with PSS is evaluated in accordance with ISO 2631. A comparison with that of a similar conventional vehicle is conducted to demonstrate the promising potentials of the PSS in improving the vehicle ride quality.     

Fidelity of using scaled vehicles for chassis dynamic studies

There are many situations where physical testing of a vehicle or vehicle controller is necessary, yet use of a full-size vehicle is not practical. Some situations include implementation testing of novel actuation strategies, analysing the behaviour of chassis feedback control under system faults, or near-unstable situations such as limit handling under driver-assist feedback control. Historically, many have advocated the use of scale vehicles as surrogates for larger vehicles. This article presents analysis and experimental testing that examines the fidelity of using scaled vehicles for vehicle chassis dynamics and control studies. In support of this effort, this work introduces an experimental system called the Pennsylvania State University Rolling Roadway Simulator (the PURRS). In the PURRS, a custom-built scale-sized vehicle is freely driven on a moving roadway surface. While others have used scale-vehicle rolling roadway simulators in the past, this work is the first to attempt to directly match the planar dynamic performance of the scale-sized vehicle to a specific full-sized vehicle by careful design of the scale vehicle. This article explains details of this effort including vehicle dynamic modelling, detailed measurement of model parameters, conditions for dynamic similitude, validation of the resulting experimental vehicle in the time, frequency, and dimensionless domains. The results of the dynamic comparisons between scale- and full-sized vehicles clearly illustrate operational regimes where agreement is quite good, and other regimes where agreement is quite poor. Both are useful to understand the applicability of scale-vehicle results to full-size vehicle analysis.     

基于汽车动力学的振动减速带设置间距研究

运用汽车动力学，考虑车辆在长大纵坡下坡路段加速性能，假设减速带减速效果已知，以车速不超过道路设计车速为前提，进行振动减速带设置间距的研究，得出了在不同的设计车速、不同纵坡坡度下，振动减速带的设置间距。分析显示，车速越高，振动减速带设置间距与纵坡的关系越明显。并以武汉长江隧道为例，比较了普通路面、防滑路面及设置减速带后汽车行驶速度曲线，结果表明，减速带可以有效地降低车速。最后，对研究进行了讨论。     

车辆重心高度对动力学性能的影响

随着我国铁路货物运输向重载化方向发展，车辆重心高度将产生大范围变化。我国铁路技术标准严格限制重车重心高度，当重心超过2000mm时，车辆要限速运行。在满载条件下，我国铁路现有的罐车实际重心高度普遍接近或高于2000mm。现以GQ70为例，采用SIMPACK仿真软件建立重车车辆模型，分析在不同运行工况下重心高度对车辆动力学性能的影响。计算结果表明，速度越高，车辆重心高度对动力学性能的影响越大，当车辆重心高度在1800mm到2600mm范围内变化时，对横向动力学性能及安全性影响较大，对垂向及轮轨动力学影响较小。     

Real-time capable vehicle–trailer coupling by algorithms for differential-algebraic equations

The real-time simulation of vehicle trains requires an accurate and numerically feasible representation of the vehicle–trailer coupling. Although the equations of motion for the chassis instances can be reduced to systems of ordinary differential equations, additional constraints on the relative motion of vehicle and trailer are introduced when considering the hitch. In this article, we present a strategy for the simulation of vehicle–trailer combinations, where the algebraic constraints of the coupling are treated explicitly. Although this approach allows exact modeling of the respective joint geometry and realistic calculation of the coupling forces, a suitable numerical algorithm is required in order to solve the resulting differential-algebraic system of index 3 in real-time. The implementation in a commercial vehicle dynamics program is discussed and real-time simulation results are shown, which prove its feasibility for different coupling joints and demanding driving maneuvers.     

KZ4A型机车转向架轴重增加后的设计改进

借鉴国内外200km/h等级机车轴重设计经验,通过对机车动力学性能的分析和对转向架主要部件的疲劳强度校核等,提出了KZ4A型机车转向架轴重增加后的设计改进措施。     

机车车体车钢结构动态性能的模态试验方法及应用

文章主要介绍了一种比较常用的模态试验方法和某型电力机车车体钢结构模态试验。通过模态试验分析了机车结构模态特性对结构动态性能的影响。