200 km/h提速客车径向转向架动力学性能研究

径向转向架是改善机车车辆曲线通过性能的有效途径。简要介绍了国内外径向转向架发展现状 ,阐述了径向转向架的导向机理及基本结构模式。根据自导向径向转向架的基本原理 ,在现有的几种自导向转向架结构的基础上 ,提出了 2 0 0km/h提速客车自导向径向转向架的基本方案 ,建立了动力学仿真模型 ,利用Simpack仿真软件对其进行了动力学性能分析和计算 ,并与常规转向架进行了比较。理论分析和计算结果表明 ,提速客车采用径向转向架可有效地改善曲线通过性能和降低轮轨磨耗     

Carbon and nutrient dynamics in a hypertrophic lagoon in southwestern Taiwan

Dissolved and particulate phases of carbon (DIC, DOC, POC) and nutrients (DIN, DIP, DSi, DON, DOP, PN) were investigated bimonthly from August 1999 to August 2000 to study biogeochemical dynamics of carbon and nutrients in Tapong Bay, a small semi-enclosed and hypertrophic lagoon in southwestern Taiwan. The lagoon has only a tidal inlet for exchanging water between Tapong Bay and Taiwan Strait, which may result in low water exchange rates and various oxygen-deficient conditions in bottom water of the inner bay during warm seasons. The water exchange time of Tapong Bay ranges from 7 days (summer) to 13 days (winter) with a mean of 10 days. Nutrient dynamics were largely ascribed to allochthonous inputs, biological and exported removals in the lagoon. Diffusion fluxes from sediments to overlying water accounted for only about 7.6% of annual DIN inputs and 1.0% of annual DIP inputs. High primary productivity (89 mol C m⁻² year⁻¹) supported by abundant nutrients primarily drove the lagoon into a hypertrophic condition as particulate organic matter was derived mainly from biological production. Excess of DIP appeared to occur throughout the study period in the lagoon. Temperature, solar radiation and turbidity, rather than nutrients, perhaps controlled seasonal variations of primary productivity. The net ecosystem production (NEP) derived from daily changes of DOC and POC inventories was about 6.3 mmol C m⁻² day⁻¹ that was close to 6.7 mmol C m⁻² day⁻¹ simulated from the biogeochemical modeling. Therefore, the net ecosystem production (NEP) rate of organic carbon estimated from the biogeochemical model was reliable, and the NEP was temporally variable with an annual mean of 5.8 mol C m⁻² year⁻¹, implying that Tapong Bay was an autotrophic system. Although calcification proceeded pronouncedly in warm seasons, an invasion of CO₂ was significant in this system. In terms of nitrogen budget, the annual nitrogen fixation exceeded the annual denitrification with a magnitude of 1.30 mol N m⁻² year⁻¹, which may be supported by the abundance of nitrogen fixation microplanktons in the lagoon.     

铁路机车车辆虚拟样机工程研究

针对虚拟样机技术在铁路机车车辆行业的研究状况,分析了铁路机车车辆虚拟样机研究的必要性,提出了具体的研究方法和思路,给出了实现的框架,并针对基于性能的三维CAD参数化设计、机车车辆多体动力学模型的可视拓扑模型的建立及自动求解、虚拟样机可视平台、系统协同仿真平台及数据PDM等关键技术进行了探讨,给出了初步的研究结果及实践,为铁路机车车辆虚拟样机的国产化研究提供了一条有效的解决途径。     

无缝道岔受力与变形的影响因素分析

基于有限单元法,建立了无缝道岔纵向力与位移的计算模型,根据纵向力、线路阻力、钢轨及岔枕位移的相互关系建立平衡方程组,并采用牛顿迭代法求解。分析了轨温变化幅度、道岔号码、辙叉型式、辙跟型式、道岔群的联结方式、焊接型式、扣件阻力、道床阻力、限位器阻力、间隔铁阻力、线路爬行、铺设锁定轨温差、岔枕抗弯刚度等因素对无缝道岔受力及变形的影响。轨温变化幅度越大、线路爬行量越大、与相邻线路及道岔的铺设轨温差越大,对无缝道岔各部件的受力及变形越不利。而其它因素对无缝道岔位移及纵向力分布各有不同程度的影响,应综合分析,优化设计,才能确保无缝道岔各部件的受力及变形均在容许限度内。     

Study on lateral dynamic characteristics of vehicle/turnout system

Based on Chinese No. 12 high speed, single-way swing nose rail concrete sleeper turnout, a comprehensive vehicle/turnout system coupling dynamic model has been established in this paper, and the lateral and vertical dynamic characteristics of vehicle/turnout systems have been simulated while the car passes through the turnout zone on divergence. These dynamic characteristics show that the lateral impact and vibration of the systems caused by the wheel/rail contact and irregularity are very intensive, especially at the switch zone and nose area of the turnout, and the lateral dynamics of the turnout system, such as lateral stability, vibrating responses, impacting and the allowable passing velocity force between the wheelsets and the switch rails are much more complicated than that of the vertical ones.     

Influence of the track quality and of the properties of the wheel–rail rolling contact on vehicle dynamics

This work describes an analytical approach to determine what degree of accuracy is required in the definition of the rail vehicle models used for dynamic simulations. This way it would be possible to know in advance how the results of simulations may be altered due to the existence of errors in the creation of rolling stock models, whilst also identifying their critical parameters. This would make it possible to maximise the time available to enhance dynamic analysis and focus efforts on factors that are strictly necessary. In particular, the parameters related both to the track quality and to the rolling contact were considered in this study. With this aim, a sensitivity analysis was performed to assess their influence on the vehicle dynamic behaviour. To do this, 72 dynamic simulations were performed modifying, one at a time, the track quality, the wheel–rail friction coefficient and the equivalent conicity of both new and worn wheels. Three values were assigned to each parameter, and two wear states were considered for each type of wheel, one for new wheels and another one for reprofiled wheels. After processing the results of these simulations, it was concluded that all the parameters considered show very high influence, though the friction coefficient shows the highest influence. Therefore, it is recommended to undertake any future simulation job with measured track geometry and track irregularities, measured wheel profiles and normative values of the wheel–rail friction coefficient.     

Alternative friction models for braking train dynamics

Braking dynamics plays an essential role in ensuring the comfort and running safety of trains. Due to the complexity of the phenomena involved and the presence of dry friction, studies have been carried out by numerical methods using smoothening. Based on the non-smooth dynamics framework, in the present paper, an efficient and comprehensive alternative model is defined. Set-valued friction of Coulomb's law type is accounted for and motion equations are formulated as a differential inclusion. Some of the fundamental issues of contact dynamics are briefly reviewed. Static friction forces which arise in buffers are computed in a very intuitive and efficient manner, using an original method involving generalised inverses of matrices. The corresponding algorithm is described. Numerical integration is done by an event-driven algorithm. Indeterminate system configurations can be appropriately handled. The number of vehicles on which tests have been carried out ranged from 5 to 50. Comparison with the smoothening method reveals significant differences. Computational efficiency is dramatically improved. Computation speed can rise by a few orders of magnitude. Specific phenomena such as stick–slip or persistent longitudinal forces can be evidenced. Computed values of the system states differ substantially. In addition to this, any wagon connection model can be embedded.     

开体泥驳总强度的前期研究

本文介绍了自航开体泥驳结构设计的方法，推导了主惯性轴的转角和惯矩计算公式，给出了中剖面结构设计实例，并探讨了三艘开体泥驳的总强度。     

Dynamic analysis of multibodies system with a floating base for rolling of ro-ro ship caused by wave and slip of heavy load

Common effect of wave and slip of internal heavy load will make rolling of the roll-on ship serious. This is one of the important reasons for overturn of ro-ro ships. The multibodies System with a floating base is composed of ro-ro ship and slipping heavy load. This paper takes the rolling angle of the ship and the transverse displacement of the heavy load on desk as two freedoms. Making use of analysis of apparent gravitation and apparent buoyaney, the wave rolling moment is derived. By use of dynamic method of multibodies system with a floating base, dynamic equations of the system are established. Taking a certain channel ferry as an example, a set of numerical calculation have been carried out for rolling response of the ship and displacement response of the slipping heavy load under common effect of synchro-slipping heavy loads and wave.     

车辆--轨道耦合动力学仿真软件TTISIM及其试验验证

TTISIM仿真软件采用现代车辆—轨道耦合动力学理论,全面考虑轨道结构参振影响及动态轮轨空间接触几何关系。结合近年来国内有关提速、脱轨、新型机车车辆动力学现场试验,对TTISIM软件进行了系统的分析验证。结果表明,用该仿真软件计算的结果与试验测量结果吻合良好,说明该仿真软件可以用来分析研究各种铁道机车车辆在不同状态线路上运行时的动力学性能。