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101.
The fundamental noise generation mechanisms of road and rail vehicles are discussed with attention to noise abatement measures. Based on an evaluation of publicly available tire noise data and the European road traffic noise emission model CNOSSOS, it is shown that on the road side there is a significant noise reduction potential in the usage of low-noise tires. From a three months measurement campaign a noise model was derived to predict the maximal sound pressure level of heavy duty vehicles during a pass-by in 7.5 m distance with the parameters vehicle speed and number of axles. With help of recently published information about external costs caused by heavy duty vehicles and the noise prediction tool, a model was developed to derive a money equivalent that can be used as a bonus/malus in a heavy duty vehicle fee. As a measure at the infrastructure, the installation of low-noise pavements is an effective, durable and economically attractive measure. Recent experiences with different technologies from all over the world are compiled and evaluated. On the rail side, an overview of the possible noise reduction strategies is given, followed by a discussion of the current policy and legislation in the EU and on the national level of different European countries. 相似文献
102.
This paper develops an econometric model of flight delays to investigate the influence of competition and dominance on the incentives of carriers to maintain on-time performance. We consider both the route and the airport levels to inspect the local and global effects of competition, with a unifying framework to test the hypotheses of 1. airport congestion internalization and 2. the market competition-quality relationship in a single econometric model. In particular, we examine the impacts of the entry of low cost carriers (LCC) on the flight delays of incumbent full service carriers in the Brazilian airline industry. The main results indicate a highly significant effect of airport congestion self-internalization in parallel with route-level quality competition. Additionally, the potential competition caused by LCC presence provokes a global effect that suggests the existence of non-price spillovers of the LCC entry to non-entered routes. 相似文献
103.
尹明 《武汉船舶职业技术学院学报》2013,(6):101-103
外语学习离不开记忆,记忆的形式有多种多样。本文从多角度为语料记忆作价值辩护,阐述它的实施策略及要注意的问题,旨在说明语料记忆是在外语学习环境下提高英语学习效率的重要途径。 相似文献
104.
袁永新 《江苏科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2001,15(1):1-4
考虑一类二阶共轭矩阵方程
B*X*AXB+B*X*C+C*XB+D=O
其中,B∈Cp×m,A∈n×n,C∈Cn×m,D∈Cm×m,在A>O及A≥O,C或B为列满秩阵两种情况
下,此方程可解的充分必要条件,并在有解的情况下,给出了通解的显式表示。 相似文献
105.
奇摄动三阶非线性边值问题 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用微分不等式技巧和Volterra型积分算子,研究了三阶非线性奇摄动边值问题εx^(3)=f(t,x,x′,w(ε)x^(3),ε),g(x′(0),x″(0)=0,x(1)=A,x′(1)=B的存在性及渐近估计。 相似文献
106.
107.
PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) is a widely used index for evaluating the thermal environment. However, few studies have been conducted to take physiological values directly as evaluating indices. This paper assumes a linear relation between body temperature and both sweating rate and heat produced by shivering, and introduces the linear relation into the human heat balance equation to revise the classic PMV. And the assumption of linear relation is subsequently proved. The revised PMV possesses the same characteristic of dependent heat load as that of the classic one, and moreover it is convenient to be calculated. 相似文献
108.
A practical assessment of stated preferences methods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stated preferences data in the form of rankings, ratings and choices were collected in Santiago and discrete choice models estimated with them. The models were compared in terms of accuracy v/s the cost of obtaining the information and models. All methods produced reasonable but different models and fairly close subjective values of time. In terms of production costs the ranking method was a clear looser although the experimental design was slightly biased against it. Finally, the use of computerised interviews is highly recommended particularly for dealing with low income people. 相似文献
109.
建立整数型轨道状态最优综合维修计划模型 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为实现高效的轨道不平顺养护维修,建立最优养护维修计划模型和采用大型养路机械进行作业是十分重要的。本文以养护维修时间为决策变量,以年度轨道不平顺平均值最小为目标函数,在考虑了一系列约束函数的情况下,建立了整数型轨道状态最优综合维修计划模型。该模型能有效利用现场的养护资源,从安全和舒适的角度出发来制定养护计划,该模型的建立从理论上解决了轨道不平顺状态计算机辅助决策系统的关键问题。 相似文献
110.
Kuniaki Shoji Rajesh Ramachandran Yuzo Kurobe Yasuhisa Hashizume 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2002,7(2):86-90
As a result of frequent marine disasters leading to the loss of human life and pollution of vast areas of the ocean, ship
manoeuvrability has become a very important characteristic of ship design. Among several recent experimental techniques to
determine ship manoeuvrability, the most popular is captive model testing using a planar motion mechanism (PMM). This article
describes some tests, analyses, and results of PMM tests in a circulating water channel (CWC) using a model of a training
ship. The hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on a model of the training ship Shioji Maru in pure yawing motion were measured, and hydrodynamic derivatives were obtained using two different methods of analysis:
singular value decomposition (a least-squares fit method) and Fourier analysis. Derivatives obtained from the tests were used
to simulate the turning trajectory of the actual ship, and these were compared with the results of sea trials. The results
indicate that both methods of analysis yield fairly similar derivatives. The simulation results were also found to be a close
match with the trial results.
Received: February 7, 2002 / Accepted: May 14, 2002
Address correspondence to: K. Shoji (shoji@ipc.tosho-u.ac.jp) 相似文献