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11.
Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Grete Algesten Lars Brydsten Per Jonsson Pirkko Kortelainen Stefan Lfgren Lars Rahm Antti Rike Sebastian Sobek Lars Tranvik Johan Wikner Mats Jansson 《Journal of Marine Systems》2006,63(3-4):155-161
We calculated input of organic carbon to the unproductive, brackish water basin of the Gulf of Bothnia from rivers, point sources and the atmosphere. We also calculated the net exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the adjacent marine system, the Baltic Proper. We compared the input with sinks for organic carbon; permanent incorporation in sediments and mineralization and subsequent evasion of CO2 to the atmosphere. The major fluxes were riverine input (1500 Gg C year− 1), exchange with the Baltic Proper (depending on which of several possible DOC concentration differences between the basins that was used in the calculation, the flux varied between an outflow of 466 and an input of 950 Gg C year− 1), sediment burial (1100 Gg C year− 1) and evasion to the atmosphere (3610 Gg C year− 1). The largest single net flux was the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere, mainly caused by bacterial mineralization of organic carbon. Input and output did not match in our budget which we ascribe uncertainties in the calculation of the exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Proper, and the fact that CO2 emission, which in our calculation represented 1 year (2002) may have been overestimated in comparison with long-term means. We conclude that net heterotrophy of the Gulf of Bothnia was due to input of organic carbon from both the catchment and from the Baltic Proper and that the future degree of net heterotrophy will be sensible to both catchment export of organic carbon and to the ongoing eutrophication of the Baltic Proper. 相似文献
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A simple reliability-based framework is applied to calibrate a new set of fatigue design guidelines. This new guideline considers two different approaches for the assessment of both loads, stresses and local stress raising effects, and partial safety factors must be given for any combination of these approaches. For the calibration, the lognormal reliability format is adopted because the hereby-derived partial safety factors can be combined arbitrarily. This means that with a few basic partial safety factors, the combination of partial safety factors to be applied together with any combination of calculation approaches can be determined easily. In the present paper both the adopted reliability format, the applied modeling of uncertainties and the selected target safety index are explained. Based on this, a new guideline is calibrated and the derived partial safety factors are presented. Finally, the new guideline is applied through a numerical example in order to show the applicability of the calibrated partial safety factors, and satisfactory results are found. 相似文献
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主要叙述了渤海石油输灰码头改造过程中老码头钢管桩拔除的施工工艺,重点对钢管桩拔除过程中所采取的措施进行了介绍。 相似文献
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高锰钢爆炸加工硬化及其硬化机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究了爆炸加工后高锰钢的硬化效果及其硬化机理.结果表明,高锰钢经爆炸加工后表面硬度大幅度提高,硬化深度超过40mm.但夏比冲击试验表明仍有较高的韧性,宏观残余变形很小.这些变化不是发生M体及ε相转变的结果,而是发生高密度位错、堆垛层错、大量的交叉滑移,晶粒的扭折,孪晶及A体晶粒细化引起的. 相似文献
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桥式抓斗卸船机不同形式的比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
桥式抓斗卸船机主要有自行小车式和钢丝绳牵引小车式2种形式.钢丝绳牵引式又分为单索起升单索开闭单小车牵引式、主辅小车牵引式、机械差动四卷筒牵引式、电差动四卷筒牵引式等形式,它们各有优劣,主辅小车牵引式被证明是最可靠的形式. 相似文献