混凝土桥面沥青铺装层受力敏感性分析

针对混凝土桥面沥青铺装层,进行铺装层沥青混凝土的受力分析,包括铺装层的粘结层结构状态、水平作用力、温度、超载的敏感性分析。同时为了明确对铺装层沥青混凝土的性能要求,把铺装层的受力状态与普通路面结构的受力状态进行对比分析,分析结果表明粘结层结构状态、水平作用力、温度及超载对铺装层受力状态有显著影响,桥面铺装受力情况比路面面层结构不利,因此应提高桥面铺装沥青混凝土的性能,尤其是沥青混凝土的抗疲劳性。     

大直径灌注桩桩侧摩阻力试验研究

根据苏州地区4根大直径桥梁钻孔灌注桩桩侧摩阻力试验结果,给出了该地区主要土层的侧摩阻力及其极限摩阻力建议值。试验表明:相当一部分桩侧土层未能达到极限状态,只有54 5%～78 4%范围内的土层达到极限值;桩底沉渣直接影响桩顶沉降及极限承载力;随着长径比的加大,桩侧摩阻力发挥效率降低。     

公路桥梁维修加固技术经济评价方法研究

在桥梁维修加固实施过程中,不可避免的涉及到其经济合理性问题,目前还未有较为成熟和系统的方法,对桥梁维修加固的经济合理性进行评价。本文结合桥梁维修加固涉及到的宏观和微观方面,提出了一种新的评价方法,用以判断桥梁维修加固的经济合理性。     

京福高速公路兰圃互通B匝道第一联受力分析与加固措施

兰圃互通是京福国道主干线与同三国道主干线在福州的交叉点上的1座大型互通立交。它由一系列的弯梁桥组成,在施工过程中出现了支座上翘、梁体爬行等问题。为此在2004年年底通车前对该桥进行了静动载试验和加固。介绍其B匝道第1联桥的静动载试验、有限元分析和根据分析结果提出的加固方案。     

Investigation of tailpipe and evaporative emissions from China IV and Tier 2 passenger vehicles with different gasolines

The limited understanding of vehicular emissions in China, especially evaporative emissions, is one obstacle to establishing tighter standards. To evaluate tailpipe and evaporative emissions, two typical China IV vehicles and one Tier 2 vehicle with an onboard refuelling vapour recovery (ORVR) system were selected and tested. One of the China IV vehicles was fuelled with gasoline, E10 and M15, respectively, to investigate the effect of fuel properties on vehicular emissions. For each vehicle, cold-start tailpipe emission tests were conducted first, followed by an evaporation test. Based on the emission factors and real-world vehicle activity data, the annual tailpipe and evaporative hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of each vehicle were calculated and compared. The results show that E10 and M15 significantly reduced the tailpipe CO and particle number (PN) emissions but seriously aggravated the NOx emissions, especially for M15. The hot soak losses (HSLs) and diurnal breathing losses (DBLs) were slightly impacted by the fuel properties. The annual evaporative emissions with E10 and M15 were higher than that with gasoline. The ORVR system effectively controlled the evaporative emissions, especially for DBLs. Evaporative emissions from the China IV vehicles were 1.1–1.4 times the tailpipe HC emissions. Additionally, the evaporative emission factors of the China IV vehicles were almost 50% lower than the standard (2.0 g/test), whereas their annual evaporative emissions were almost 1.8–2.8 times higher than those from the Tier 2 vehicle. Therefore, controlling evaporative emissions currently remains a great need in China, and the ORVR might be a recommended evaporative control technology.     

An improved cellular automaton with axis information for microscopic traffic simulation

Cellular Automaton (CA), an efficient dynamic modeling method that is widely used in traffic engineering, is newly introduced for traffic load modeling. This modeling method significantly addresses the modest traffic loads for long-span bridges. It does, however, require improvement to calculate precise load effects. This paper proposed an improved cellular automaton with axis information, defined as the Multi-axle Single-cell Cellular Automaton (MSCA), for the precise micro-simulation of random traffic loads on bridges. Four main ingredients of lattice, cells’ states, neighborhoods and transition rules are redefined in MSCA to generate microscopic vehicle sequences with detailed vehicle axle positions, user-defined cell sizes and time steps. The simulation methodology of MSCA is then proposed. Finally, MSCA is carefully calibrated and validated using site-specific WIM data. The results indicate: (1) the relative errors (REs) for the traffic parameters, such as volumes, speeds, weights, and headways, from MSCA are basically no more than ±10% of those of WIM data; (2) the load effects of three typical influence lines (ILs) with varied lengths of 50, 200 and 1000 m are also confidently comparable, both of which validate the rationality and precision of MSCA. Furthermore, the accurate vehicle parameters and gaps generated from MSCA can be applied not only for precise traffic loading on infrastructures but also for the accurate estimation of vehicle dynamics and safety. Hence, wide application of MSCA can potentially be expected.     

铁路桥梁浅基冲刷防护方案探讨

桥梁基础长期处于水环境中,在水流冲刷作用下,河床下切导致基础埋置深度减小,容易使基础产生病害进而影响结构强度和稳定性,同时降低地基基础承载力。通过分析河床冲刷对基础承载力的影响,结合铁路桥梁基础加固防护工程实践,探讨基础加固防护方案的合理性与可行性,对有效预防和整治因基础冲刷而产生的桥梁病害具有重要意义。     

马鞍山长江公路大桥钢塔线形控制技术

马鞍山长江公路大桥左汊主桥为（360＋2×1080＋360） m的三塔两跨悬索桥，中塔采用钢－混叠合、塔梁固结门式结构，下塔柱为预应力钢筋混凝土结构，上塔柱为钢结构，钢塔共分21个节段，首节采用浮吊安装，标准节段长6 m ，最大起吊重达235 t ，采用塔吊进行安装。为确保钢塔线形满足要求，对影响钢塔安装精度因素进行分析，形成以控制钢塔制造质量为核心、钢塔首节段安装精度为基础的线形控制流程，对钢塔节段进行工厂制造控制和现场安装控制。工厂制造控制包括零部件加工、块体制作、节段组拼、端面机加工、预拼装；现场安装控制包括首节段安装、标准节段安装、横梁与钢塔的连接。实践表明，该桥采用以控制钢塔制造精度为核心的钢塔线形控制技术进行钢塔架设施工，施工过程中钢塔制造精度和安装精度满足要求，实现了钢塔线形控制的目的。     

桥面铺装复合梁的有限元分析

采用三维有限元法,分析了复合梁试件模型和实体桥面铺装模型中沥青混凝土铺装层表面的受力特性及其变化趋势。计算结果表明,复合梁模型和实体桥面铺装模型中的沥青铺装层表面的受力状态相同,变化趋势一致,采用试验可控性较好的复合梁试验能够模拟不同结构组合的桥面铺装层受力特性,为大跨径桥梁桥面铺装层结构设计、材料选择提供依据。     

姜黄素促进RAW264.7源性M1巨噬细胞向替代激活M2表型极化

目的观察姜黄素对LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)极化的影响及机制。方法不同浓度姜黄素(6.25、12.5、25μmol/L)干预LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)12h,同时再加入20μmol/L GW9662与25μmol/L姜黄素共同干预LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)12h,采用Real-time PCR、ELISA及Western blot方法检测IL-1β、IL-6和M2表型标志分子KLF4、FIZZ1、MGL1、PPARγ的表达,及阻断PPARγ后KLF4和FIZZ1的表达。结果不同浓度姜黄素均能上调LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)的M2标志分子的表达,并且抑制炎症因子IL-1β和IL-6的分泌;阻断PPARγ后,RAW264.7巨噬细胞源性M1表型巨噬细胞表达M2标志分子下调。结论姜黄素通过活化PPARγ促进LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)向M2表型极化。