厦门港水域船舶交通环境的预先危险性分析

以厦门港水域近十年船舶交通事故资料为基础，运用预先危险性分析法对该港口水域船舶交通环境系统的安全问题进行分析，并提出主要的潜在危险及管理建议。     

跨国公司—当今国际海运市场需求的主要来源

当今以国际贸易来调剂或弥补国与国间各自资源稀缺状况的手段已不能完全适应世界经济发展的需要，对外直接投资及其组织形态——跨国公司能使资源在全世界范围内得到有效配置。跨国公司生产和经营特性决定了其对国际运输，特别对国际海运的作用，也决定了国际贸易的构成。本文在此认识上，分析了国际海运与国际贸易、跨国公司之间的关系；论述了跨国公司对国际海运需求的主要来源，归纳了由此需求而产生的对国际海运发展模式和趋势的影响。     

船用柴油机混合建模方法研究

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基于全站仪的海洋钢结构物三维精度检测分析方法及应用

通过基于全站仪的三维精度检测分析方法的应用,实现对钢结构建造实物模型的三维整体描述,提供一种三维高精度检测分析方法。该方法能对实物模型进行整体及局部建造偏差分析,保证钢结构建造的后续工作顺利实施。开发了大型海工钢结构物建立物方基准模式及搬站测量模式,使得现场操作灵活方便。实现与建造实物模型和建造场地之间的数字化对比。     

基于行业标准的高职船舶电子电气专业教学改革研究

STCW公约马尼拉修正案的变化要求高职船舶电子电气专业进行教学改革。文章以行业标准为依据,从课程体系设置、人才培养模式创新、师资队伍建设和考试方法改革等四个方面对高职船舶电子电气专业教学改革进行了探索研究。     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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Integrated Marine Planning for Cocos (Keeling), An Isolated Australian Atoll (Indian Ocean)

The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are located on an isolated atoll in the Indian Ocean and have a strong Malay culture owing to the translocation of a substantial plantation workforce in the early 19th century. The atoll became one of Australia's External Territories in 1955. Meeting the marine resource needs of the atoll residents within an Australian legislative system by formulating an integrated marine management plan presented several challenges. Key factors in drafting a culturally meaningful plan were a commitment to understanding and accommodating the cultural and subsistence needs of the community, innovative communication strategies, and a simple approach to management. Development of the plan highlighted the limitations of current Australian marine planning legislation in cross-cultural settings and for sustainable development.     

A Socioeconomic Perspective of Environmental Degradation at Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park,Indonesia

Kepulauan Seribu was designated as a marine protected area to promote and protect a healthy marine ecosystem and its biodiversity. However, despite numerous efforts to protect the area, the park continues to be impacted by both external and internal factors. External factors include domestic sewage, vessel traffic, industrial effluent, and urban run-off from metropolitan Jakarta. Meanwhile, internal factors include the problems created by tourism development and the impacts of the economic activities of the park's residents. The ongoing political and economic crisis in Indonesia, which has plagued the country since 1997, has amplified the pressure on the resources and on the well being of the park. This study traces and analyzes the intrinsic causes of the internal problems using a socioeconomic perspective. We suggest that alleviation of poverty and marginality of the park's residents should be prioritized, and that park management should be based on consensus building and participation of all stakeholders.     

Impacts of fuel quality on indoor environment onboard a ship: From policy to practice

Environmental considerations, concerning the negative impacts of ship exhaust gases and particles on ambient air quality, are behind the requirements of cleaner marine fuels currently applied in designated emission control areas (ECAs). We investigated the impact of a ship operating on two types of fuel on the indoor air quality onboard. Gaseous and particulate air pollutants were measured in the engine room and the accommodation sections on-board an icebreaker operating first on Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO, 1%-S), and later Marine Diesel Oil (MDO, 0.1%-S). Statistically significant decrease of SO₂, NOx, PM_2.5 and particle number concentration were observed when the ship was operating on MDO. Due to the higher content of alkylated PAHs in MDO compared to HFO, the concentration of PAHs increased during operation on MDO. The particulate PAHs classified as carcinogens, were similar to or lower in the MDO campaign. Chemical analysis of PM_2.5 revealed that the particles consisted mainly of organic carbon and sulfate, although the fraction of metals was quite large in particles from the engine room. Principal Component Analysis of all measured parameters showed a clear difference between HFO and MDO fuel on the indoor environmental quality on-board the ship. This empirical study poses a first example on how environmental policy-making impacts not only the primary target at a global level, but also brings unexpected localized benefits at workplace level. The study emphasizes the need of further investigations on the impact of new marine fuels and technologies on the indoor air environments on board.     

启动与水上交通事故相关的行政处罚法律问题思考

对水上交通事故责任方进行处罚,是海事管理机构的法定职责。目前对何时启动事故处罚流程缺少明确的界定,这一问题是由于不同法规文件对于海事调查的范围界定不统一导致的。通过法条对照、法律解释和效果评析等方法分析,在责任认定之后启动事故处罚,有利于明确启动时间,有利于优化管理成本,也有利于维护海事管理机构的公信力。