Additive manufacturing of miniature marine structures for crashworthiness verification: Scaling technique and experimental tests

Undoubtedly, the main advantage of the additive manufacture technology is to allow building miniature structural parts with a large degree of complexity such as to replicate structural details of real-scale marine structures. This work presents a new technique for reproducing the structural response of large-scale thin-walled metallic structures when subjected to crushing loadings by using scaled-down additive manufactured models. This technique couples scaling laws for strain rate sensitive materials and a thickness distortion technique based on the structural collapse mode. In order to validate this coupled technique, the structural response of a large-scale crushing test of a web girder structure was experimentally replicated by using a 1/40 scale reduction model. The results and conclusions summarize the prospects and limitations of additive manufacturing of miniature complex marine structures for structural purposes and crashworthiness verification.     

基于CFD的船舶不同浪向下运动及增阻数值分析

为分析波浪对船舶快速性和耐波性的影响,必须对波浪中航行的船舶阻力增值进行准确预报。本文基于计算流体力学软件FINE/Marine建立了Wigley船模的数值模型,对不同规则波波长下的船体运动和波浪增阻进行了计算,并与试验结果进行对比,验证了数值模型的可行性与准确性。同时计算分析了船舶在规则波中航行时的波浪增阻与浪向之间的变化关系。通过研究发现：随着浪向角的增大船舶波浪增阻逐渐增加,在60°浪向角时波浪增阻达到最大值,浪向角对波浪增阻的影响较大。本文的研究方法可用于船舶有航速下的不同浪向波浪增阻的数值预报。     

Chloride diffusion models for Type I and fly ash cement concrete exposed to field and laboratory conditions

The exposure temperature significantly affects the diffusion of chloride ions in concrete, and, as such, it must be taken into consideration in the development of service-life prediction models for structures exposed to chloride-bearing environments. Most of the earlier studies have used cement paste to assess the effect of exposure temperature on chloride diffusion. In the reported study, chloride diffusion in Type I and fly ash (20% fly ash) cement concrete was evaluated under field and laboratory conditions. The laboratory concrete specimens were exposed to chloride solution maintained at four temperatures (22, 35, 50 and 60 °C) for 365 days. Beam specimens were exposed in the tidal zone of a marine exposure site, along the Arabian Gulf coast, for up to 10 years to study the chloride diffusion in the field specimens. The coefficient of chloride diffusion (D_a) in the concrete specimens exposed to 22 or 35 ᵒC in the laboratory was less than that in the concrete specimens exposed to 50 and 60 ᵒC. The D_a for Type I cement concrete specimens increased by 3.6 times as the temperature was increased from 22 to 60 ᵒC while this increase was 2.3 times for the fly ash cement concrete specimens for a similar increase in the temperature. The D_a decreased with the period of exposure in the field specimens. The values of activation energy that can be used for predicting the chloride diffusion for exposure temperature within the range of 22–60 °C were developed based on the laboratory data. In addition, mathematical models were developed relating the coefficient of chloride diffusion in the field and laboratory concrete specimens. The developed models can be utilized to ascertain chloride diffusion in field specimens, utilizing the laboratory values, and hence calculate the useful service-life of structures.     

An overview of maintenance management strategies for corroded steel structures in extreme marine environments

Maintenance is playing an important role in integrity management of marine assets such as ship structures, offshore renewable energy platforms and subsea oil and gas facilities. The service life of marine assets is heavily influenced by the involvement of numerous material degradation processes (such as fatigue cracking, corrosion and pitting) as well as environmental stresses that vary with geographic locations and climatic factors. The composition of seawater constituents (e.g. dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature content, etc.) is one of the major influencing factors in degradation of marine assets. Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of maintenance management strategies can have a significant impact on operational availability and reliability of marine assets. Many research studies have been conducted over the past few decades to predict the degradation behaviour of marine structures operating under different environmental conditions. The utilisation of structural degradation data – particularly on marine corrosion – can be very useful in developing a reliable, risk-free and cost-effective maintenance strategy. This paper presents an overview of the state-of-the-art and future trends in asset maintenance management strategies applied to corroded steel structures in extreme marine environments. The corrosion prediction models as well as industry best practices on maintenance of marine steel structures are extensively reviewed and analysed. Furthermore, some applications of advanced technologies such as computerized maintenance management system (CMMS), artificial intelligence (AI) and Bayesian network (BN) are discussed. Our review reveals that there are significant variations in corrosion behaviour of marine steel structures and their industrial maintenance practices from one climatic condition to another. This has been found to be largely attributed to variation in seawater composition/characteristics and their complex mutual relationships.     

提高“轮机工程基础”考证通过率的探讨

文章针对航海院校轮机管理专业学生的三管轮适任证书考试,从把握考试大纲、熟悉教材和题库,多种方式相结合教学,系统复习、融会贯通和加强学生应试能力的训练四个方面论述了如何提高＂轮机工程基础＂课程的考证一次通过率。     

船用螺旋桨加工工艺及数控编程技术研究

结合不同类型船用螺旋桨的加工工艺特点和企业加工技术现状,在进行螺旋桨数控加工工艺研究的基础上,针对企业如何在最短的时间内编制出可靠、高效的数控程序这一问题,以UG的CAM模块为平台,以UG OPEN/API和高级编程语言VC++为主要开发工具,在模块化软件开发思想的指导下,将CAM系统所包含的各类参数设置、刀轨计算和后处理等功能集成起来,实现了船用螺旋桨数控编程的集成化、自动化和智能化。     

Long-term inter-link wear of model mooring chains

Chains usually form the upper part of moorings systems used for maritime structures such as floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels, increasingly employed in the offshore oil and gas industry particularly in very deep waters. Current design rules do not differentiate between corrosion and inter-link wear. Laboratory experiments are described to determine the rate of wear of model (i.e. small-scale) mooring chains for up to 200,000 wear cycles. Various axial loadings and specific angular displacement were used with testing under either dry or wet conditions and for un-corroded and corroded chain. The results show that tensile force has a significant but non-linear effect on the inter-link wear. The amount of wear is similar for un-corroded and for corroded chains and is lower in wet conditions.     

基于灰色马尔科夫过程的船舶推进轴系可靠性分析

为了对船舶推进轴系进行可靠性评估,提出了基于灰色马尔科夫过程的船舶推进轴系可靠性评估模型。该方法将船舶推进轴系分为若干个子系统,根据各个子系统在不同状态下的统计数据,将马尔科夫过程与灰色系统理论相结合,建立了船舶推进轴系可靠性评估模型。通过对实际船舶推进轴系可靠性指标的计算和对比,验证了该模型的正确性,从而为制定船舶推进轴系的维修策略提供了理论支持。     

船舶下水气囊之最佳缠绕角研究

船舶下水气囊采用锦纶帘子布缠绕制成。根据受力分析,船舶下水用的气囊随着工作高度的不同应有不同的缠绕角度,文中对如何选取工作高度以及其最隹缠绕角的计算方法作了研究。     

基于流固耦合的某船用低速柴油机活塞温度场分析

针对某研发新型船用柴油机,建立其活塞固体域和流体域模型,运用有限元软件ABAQUS和流体动力学软件START-CCM+进行联合仿真,得到其活塞耦合面对流换热系数和温度场分布。活塞最高温度538K左右,活塞第一环区及环区附近区域大部分温度439K在左右,活塞环区及活塞内部冷却腔大部分温度处于340K~439K范围以内,最后与现有对标机型进行对比,得到仿真计算所得活塞温度分布与对标机型温度场实测值基本一致,活塞温度场仿真计算结果基本符合实际。