Community Participation in Marine Protected Area Management: Wakatobi National Park,Sulawesi, Indonesia

Coral reef areas are threatened worldwide by growing populations, tourism development, and use of poison and dynamite in fishing in areas adjacent to the reefs. The designation of marine protected areas is one strategy for addressing these problems. Wakatobi National Park, established in Eastern Indonesia in 1996, contains approximately 50,000 ha of coral reefs and a resident population of Sama-Bajo people whose traditions and current livelihoods tie them closely to the sea. The present research, using participatory rural appraisal methods, focused upon the impact of the designation of the Marine Park on their lives and investigated the potential for public participation in park planning and management. The Wakatobi Park Management Plan does not address the needs and interests of local people. Priority should be placed on adaptation of park zoning and protection regulations to accommodate the livelihood requirements of indigenous communities.     

某船用中速柴油机电控化改造前后性能对比分析

文中对某船用中速柴油机燃油喷射系统电控化改造前后的经济性能及排放性能进行了试验对比分析。结果表明,改造后的柴油机由于喷油压力大幅提高,喷孔直径减小,采用电控喷油定时,燃烧性能得以改善,经济性和排放性总体上有一定程度提高,但在高转速和负荷区域没有明显改善。有待于进一步开展燃烧室和进排气系统改造,实现该机电控化改造的整体优化匹配。     

船载海洋生态环境监测系统集成平台的设计与建设 ——以“向阳红08”船为例

集成平台是船载海洋生态环境监测系统的重要组成部分,作为现场实时监测技术系统的基础,其设计与建设尤为重要。以搭载于"向阳红08"船的海洋生态环境监测技术系统为例,介绍集成平台的模块化设计,以及集成平台软硬件的设计与建设。目前该集成平台已集成了多台海洋生态环境实时监测仪器,基本实现了水样自动采集与分配、监测仪器远程监控,以及数据实时传输与处理等主要功能。     

A quantitative risk analysis by using interval type-2 fuzzy FMEA approach: the case of oil spill

ABSTRACT

Risk assessment in maritime domain is one of the most cited topics since maritime transportation poses potential hazard for human life, marine environment and property. To mitigate risk and enhance safety awareness in maritime transportation, safety researchers have been seeking proactive solutions. This article prompts a quantitative risk-based approach combining interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs) with failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) to perform a comprehensive risk analysis. Thus, potential failure modes and their effects are revealed by calculating risk prioritisation numbers (RPNs). Whilst the FMEA method provides a robust risk analysing tool with relevant control options, the IT2FSs deals with ambiguity and vagueness of linguistic assessment of decision-makers through the FMEA. Hence, expert’s linguistic assessment in risk assessment can be transformed into useful information in terms of enhancing safety and pollution prevention in maritime industry. To demonstrate the proposed approach, potential failures and effects of a real shipboard oil spill case are handled. The findings show that incomplete information exchanged with local maritime authorities, malfunction of oil skimmer and poor organization of shoreline clean-up team are the most important failures during case of oil spill. The proposed approach provides not only theoretical insight into the maritime transportation industry but also practical contributions to chemical/oil tanker safety and environmental protection by mitigating risk in terms of technical or operational aspects.     

船用柴油机零件三维数模定义及应用研究*

针对目前船用柴油机零件设计制造中存在着二维图纸信息表达困难,信息传递不通畅等问题,提出使用集成的全三维数模进行信息传递的方法。采用全三维标注表达法表达设计意图,在工艺设计阶段依据这些设计意图规划工艺路线。以NX系统为软件平台,研究了基于全三维模型的信息提取方法,满足了后续应用模块的需要,实现了基于船用柴油机零件三维数字化模型设计与制造的集成化和自动化。     

母语负迁移对轮机英语学习的影响

"母语负迁移"是英语学习过程中普遍遇到的问题,它增加了学习的难度,是专业英语学习的绊脚石.结合教学评估实践,从语音、词汇、语法以及文化4个方面探讨了母语负迁移对轮机英语学习的影响,以便帮助学习者更好地学好轮机英语.     

船用螺旋桨加工工艺及数控编程技术研究

结合不同类型船用螺旋桨的加工工艺特点和企业加工技术现状,在进行螺旋桨数控加工工艺研究的基础上,针对企业如何在最短的时间内编制出可靠、高效的数控程序这一问题,以UG的CAM模块为平台,以UG OPEN/API和高级编程语言VC++为主要开发工具,在模块化软件开发思想的指导下,将CAM系统所包含的各类参数设置、刀轨计算和后处理等功能集成起来,实现了船用螺旋桨数控编程的集成化、自动化和智能化。     

非稳态温度场有限元分析及其在船用柴油机上的应用

用有限元素法计算非稳态温度场已有若干年的历史,但初始精度还有待提高。本文从截断误差和截断误差传播的角度分析了计算总误差,并提出了误差累积模式。根据分析可知,在中小步长时减小本步截断误差和误差增长因子对减小计算总误差是有效的,而在大步长时减小误差增长因子比减小本步截断误差更有效。本文选用G2格式编写了轴对称及平面非稳态溫度场电子计算机程序,对K150E柴油机缸盖进行了起动工况温度场计算,与实测结果相比吻合程度较好。     

基于电子海图的船舶操纵仿真器

本文主要介绍最近研制的由微机、高分辨率显示器、图形卡、操纵控制箱等组成的基于电子海图船舶操纵仿真器的两个主要技术──船舶操纵数学模型和电子海图技术，最后还介绍了该仿真器在航海实际中的一个应用．在数学模型中，考虑到航海实际的需要，提出了一个适合常速、低速和大漂角等各种情况的水动力计算模型以及四象限舵力和浆力的算法．另外，考虑了浅水、岸壁、风、流、浪的影响及附属操纵设备──拖轮、缆绳、锚链等对船舶的作用．本仿真器的电子海图装置，不仅能实时显示船舶所在海域的海图，动态显示船舶的二维俯视图象及运动姿态、航行轨迹，还可根据需要选择性地放大、缩小海图、显示各种岸基设施，并且可以记录模拟过程中的各种数据，制作航迹图的硬拷贝以及在显示器上再现，以供分析研究．     

水润滑特性和弹性接触应力对尾轴承使用寿命的影响

船舶尾轴承润滑状态和尾部弹性接触应力是影响水润滑尾轴承使用寿命的重要因素。本文应用紊流润滑理论研究了水润滑尾轴承的润滑状况以及应用弹性理论研究分析了国产材料MCS-2-1和铁梨木的弹性接触应力。理论分析和试验结果表明:水润滑尾轴承属于部分接触的半液体润滑状态,局部最大接触压力是设计比压的几十倍乃至百倍。为了延长尾轴承使用寿命,必须选用强度高、弹性模数低且具有一定自润滑性能的材料;在结构上可增大实际接触面积;改善水的润滑性质。采取这些措施都将收到一定的效果。