One price for all? Price discrimination and market captivity: Evidence from the Italian city-pair markets

This paper tests whether, and to what extent, airlines exploit market captivity by using price discrimination strategies. The Italian passenger market is particularly fit for this purpose, given the high differentials in the degree of the inter-modal competition amongst domestic connections. Results show that, ceteris paribus, airlines adopt a different pricing behaviour depending on the degree of inter-modal market captivity. First, in highly concentrated markets with respect to air competitors, airlines price higher when the inter-modal competition is limited. This proves that inter-modal market captivity strengthens the effect of market power. Second, the inter-temporal price discrimination leads to a J-shaped distribution of fares over time, which is more pronounced when the inter-modal competition is effective. This suggests that airlines need to adopt a pricing technique that allows for a greater market segmentation in order to compete successfully with high-speed rail transport and to extract a larger part of passengers’ surplus. These results are relevant in terms of transport-investment implications and competition policy. The indirect benefits that investments in rail infrastructure would yield through downward pressures on competing airline fares should be embedded in any cost-benefit analysis of high-speed networks investments and in any policy evaluation of measures that aim to reduce the territorial gaps in infrastructure endowment and accessibility.     

A spatial autoregressive panel model to analyze road network spillovers on production

The production function approach is used to introduce the effect of public infrastructure on economic growth focusing on its spillover effects. We improve the existing literature both from a conceptual and methodological perspective. As regressors we incorporate variables related to the new concepts of internal and imported transport infrastructure capital stocks, which are actually used in commercial flows, calculated by network analysis performed in GIS. The internally used capital stock represents own infrastructure that benefits accessing markets within the region itself, while the imported capital stock captures the spillover effect associated to the use of the infrastructure situated in neighboring regions. From a methodological perspective, we introduce spatial interdependence into these models, applying the most recent spatial econometric techniques based on instrumental variables estimation in spatial autoregressive panel models in comparison with Maximum Likelihood estimation methods. We illustrate the methodology with Spanish provincial panel data for the period 1980–2007. Results support the hypothesis that the imported capital has a positive spillover effect on production.     

An empirical study of the impacts of operating and market conditions on container-port efficiency and benchmarking

Despite the growing amount of research on container-port efficiency and benchmarking, the literature on the subject is yet to provide stable and consistent results across researchers and in relation to dynamic operating and market conditions. In this paper, we formulate a number of operational hypotheses to test the sensitivity of benchmarking results to port market and operating conditions namely production scale, cargo mix, transhipment ratio, operating configurations, and working procedures. A series of data envelopment analysis (DEA) models are used to measure the operational efficiency of 420 container terminal decision-making units from 2004 till 2010. The results show that variations in operating conditions highly impact terminal efficiency and that future work on container-port performance and benchmarking should take into account the structure and mechanisms underpinning the operations of container ports and terminals.     

A network‐based model for estimating the market share of a new high‐speed rail system

This paper presents a novel application of static traffic assignment methods, but with a variable time value, for estimating the market share of high‐speed rail (HSR) in the northwest–southeast (NW–SE) corridor of Korea currently served by air, conventional rail and highway modes. The proposed model employs a time–space network structure to capture the interrelations among competing transportation modes, and to reflect their supply‐ and demand‐side constraints as well as interactions through properly formulated link‐node structures. The embedded cost function for each network link offers the flexibility for incorporating all associated factors, such as travel time and fare, in the model computation, and enables the use of a distribution rather than a constant to represent the time–value variation among all transportation mode users. To capture the value‐of‐time (VOT) of tripmakers along the target corridor realistically, this study has developed a calibration method with aggregate demand information and key system performance data from the NW–SE corridor.     

土耳其摩托车市场和准入管理制度（1）

土耳其的摩托车市场在近几年发展比较迅猛,目前,土耳其全国的摩托车保有量达到250万辆,每千人拥有30辆摩托车。土耳其由于在地理上靠近欧洲,因此在车辆产品的管理和技术法规方面受欧洲影响很大,与国际惯例相符合的程度也很高。土耳其负责车辆产品市场准入管理的政府主管和批准机关为土耳其工业与贸易部,该机关负责整车产品和零部件的型式批准。     

2009-2010年车用发动机及活塞市场分析与预测

2009年车用发动机及活塞市场与汽车市场一样，得到了快速增长。2010年国际国内宏观经济形势对汽车、车用发动机及活塞市场来说十分有利，乘用车市场2010年将保持15％的增速，商用车市场将保持10％的增长，2010年车用发动机活塞市场的总产销量将分别达到1．325亿只和1．3014亿只左右，同比将分别增长18％和16％。     

经济机会论的实践背景分析

本文通过回顾总结我国经济体制改革历程、分析国有企业走入经营困境的根本原因,论证市场经济的核心本质特征是“机会经济”和经济机会论对市场经济的运作具有较强的操作指导性。     

Modeling user adoption of advanced traveler information systems: dynamic evolution and stationary equilibrium

This paper models the growth rate and the saturation market penetration level for advanced traveler information system (ATIS) products/services with heterogeneous drivers. The price of using and the benefit gained from ATIS services are considered two key factors in explaining the growth of adoption of ATIS products. The information benefit is measured as the travel time saving between equipped and unequipped drivers and evaluated by a mixed stochastic and deterministic network equilibrium model. A modified logistic type growth model is adopted to describe the cumulative adoption of ATIS products over years. The final stationary equilibrium level of ATIS market penetration is so determined that the value of the information provided will decline to the point at which no new users will find it advantageous to purchase that service. The endogenous growth and stationary equilibrium model of market penetration of ATIS services is useful for forecasting the growth process and the impacts on the system performance of ATIS.     

关于海洋工程设备市场的分析

目前，世界范围内石油能源的紧缺使得海洋石油开发领域中的投资不断增加；未来国际海洋工程装备市场的需求将随着全球石油需求量的增加而不断增长，海洋工程设备将越来越受人们的关注而成为市场的新亮点。     

2008年我国车用发动机活塞市场分析及2009年预测

为了正确掌握我国车用发动机活塞市场现状、特点、发展情况及发展趋势,文章分别从汽车、汽油发动机、汽油发动机活塞、柴油发动机及柴油发动机活塞市场几个方面对我国车用发动机活塞的市场现状进行了比较分析,并对其2009年市场进行了预测,指出受“2大因素”影响,市场增速迅速放缓,成本、资金及市场压力巨大,预计我国2009年车用发动机活塞市场增幅不会很大,但较为稳定。