The use of the bicycle

The rediscovery of the bicycle by the public, by politicians and by professional urban transportation planners as a mode of transport which is perfectly in harmony with the goals of environmental protection, energy saving and personal fitness has stimulated this empirical study on the actual use of the bicycle by various population groups for obligatory and discretionary trip purposes. The influence on bicycle usage of such factors as age, education, car availability, residential density and town size, topography and time of year is analysed in this paper for selected population groups. For housewives from motorized households logit‐models were designed and calibrated to model their modal choice for shopping trips with special references to the bicycle. From the empirical results, the groups with the largest potentials for cycling are identified and the extent to which the potentials could be activated by specific policies is discussed. The research is based on a large sample held to be representative for the Federal Republic of Germany in 1976 and is supplemented by more recent surveys in selected German cities conducted by SOCIALDATA Munich.     

以市场需求为中心树立公交企业市场营销观

本文分析了公交企业树立市场营销观的必要性，对公交企业如何进行市场营销提出了一些建议。     

Applications of transport economics and imperfect competition

The great majority of analyses made in transport economics use, explicitly or, more often, implicitly, the common assumption of perfect competition. This is the case, for instance, when infrastructure projects are evaluated using the mere sum of the surpluses of transport users and providers. Even when putting aside the question of externalities such as noise, safety or environmental quality, the real chain of economic interactions that takes place in transport provision or downstream of transport provision is not taken into account. Surely enough, describing and simulating this chain could be quite complex. Nevertheless, it is not uninteresting to try to estimate if it does make a big difference or not to make this approximation. The paper makes such an attempt for two broad kinds of applications of transport economics:     

我国上市公司信息披露诚信问题探析

诚信的信息披露是资本市场的基石,是确保建立公平、公开、公正资本市场的基本前提。我国证券市场由于发展迅速,在信息披露方面存在很多不完善的地方,从而造成财务舞弊事件时常发生,引起投资人及社会公众对上市公司的信任危机,严重影响了资本市场的发展。因此,建立完善的诚信信息披露机制是保证资本市场健康发展的有效途径。     

大型矿砂船综合介绍

本文介绍了大型矿砂船的航运市场、主尺度指标、总布置、船体结构、货舱舱口布置、舱口盖形式、抓斗作业要求等方面的特点,并介绍了在建造中应注意的问题。     

2009年上半年发动机活塞市场分析及下半年预测

随着国家应对金融危机采取的一系列措施以及对汽车行业的促进政策，我国发动机活塞市场也随之呈现出较快的增长。文章介绍了2009年上半年我国车用发动机活塞市场的特点及产销情况，可以看出发动机活塞市场和维修市场均呈现增长态势。指出2009年下半年车用发动机活塞市场机遇大于挑战，预计2009年下半年车用发动机活塞总产销约5600万只，市场仍呈现增长态势，因此活塞企业应把握机遇，有效应对挑战，开创企业新局面。     

市场经济与企业标准化战略

阐述了当前市场经济的特点，探讨企业参与市场竞争中标准化战略的重要性和紧迫性。结合中国北车集团企业的标准化体系研究课题，介绍了集团企业标准化战略及措施。     

加速业务创新转型实现企业持续发展

在电信业发展的新的阶段,传统的电信业务无法满足现代社会消费需求,创新转型业务成为企业利润的源泉,只有加速业务创新转型,使产品创造更大价值,才能保证固网运营企业的可持续发展。     

跨国公司—当今国际海运市场需求的主要来源

当今以国际贸易来调剂或弥补国与国间各自资源稀缺状况的手段已不能完全适应世界经济发展的需要，对外直接投资及其组织形态——跨国公司能使资源在全世界范围内得到有效配置。跨国公司生产和经营特性决定了其对国际运输，特别对国际海运的作用，也决定了国际贸易的构成。本文在此认识上，分析了国际海运与国际贸易、跨国公司之间的关系；论述了跨国公司对国际海运需求的主要来源，归纳了由此需求而产生的对国际海运发展模式和趋势的影响。     

Recognising customers' patterns of bus service patronage using a loyalty framework

With the aim of identifying typical characteristics of travellers, traditional segmentation approaches were based on socio-demographic variables. However, the approaches could not reveal the factors motivating individual behaviour. This result led to an emerging interest in psychological research models that are adhered to the decision-making process. Among various related theories, the concept of loyalty was attractive because the major purpose of establishing a loyalty concept is to recognise a customer's pattern towards a given service. However, there were few efforts aimed at determining market segments based on a loyalty framework. In addition, there was no consensus achieved on theoretical loyalty typology due to different empirical findings in different market contexts. This study aims to be the first loyalty-based attempt to provide an operational method of segmenting bus service market. Seeking practical implementation, another focus of this study is to determine typical characteristics of the market segments. Analyses that included cluster techniques were conducted on questionnaire data collected from 333 respondents in Hidaka city, Japan. A cross-classification between relative attitude and service patronage was successfully established, dividing the market into four segments. Segments of loyalty and no-loyalty were observed to be dominant over the remaining market. In contrast, the spurious loyalty segment was small and insignificant. An expansion of the latent loyalty segment was also observed when moving from the intention phase to the actual behaviour phase. Notably, not only demographic factors but also social awareness variables including environmental concern and elderly support were observed to be significant in distinguishing customer segments from one another.