市场经济与企业标准化战略

阐述了当前市场经济的特点，探讨企业参与市场竞争中标准化战略的重要性和紧迫性。结合中国北车集团企业的标准化体系研究课题，介绍了集团企业标准化战略及措施。     

加速业务创新转型实现企业持续发展

在电信业发展的新的阶段,传统的电信业务无法满足现代社会消费需求,创新转型业务成为企业利润的源泉,只有加速业务创新转型,使产品创造更大价值,才能保证固网运营企业的可持续发展。     

跨国公司—当今国际海运市场需求的主要来源

当今以国际贸易来调剂或弥补国与国间各自资源稀缺状况的手段已不能完全适应世界经济发展的需要，对外直接投资及其组织形态——跨国公司能使资源在全世界范围内得到有效配置。跨国公司生产和经营特性决定了其对国际运输，特别对国际海运的作用，也决定了国际贸易的构成。本文在此认识上，分析了国际海运与国际贸易、跨国公司之间的关系；论述了跨国公司对国际海运需求的主要来源，归纳了由此需求而产生的对国际海运发展模式和趋势的影响。     

Recognising customers' patterns of bus service patronage using a loyalty framework

With the aim of identifying typical characteristics of travellers, traditional segmentation approaches were based on socio-demographic variables. However, the approaches could not reveal the factors motivating individual behaviour. This result led to an emerging interest in psychological research models that are adhered to the decision-making process. Among various related theories, the concept of loyalty was attractive because the major purpose of establishing a loyalty concept is to recognise a customer's pattern towards a given service. However, there were few efforts aimed at determining market segments based on a loyalty framework. In addition, there was no consensus achieved on theoretical loyalty typology due to different empirical findings in different market contexts. This study aims to be the first loyalty-based attempt to provide an operational method of segmenting bus service market. Seeking practical implementation, another focus of this study is to determine typical characteristics of the market segments. Analyses that included cluster techniques were conducted on questionnaire data collected from 333 respondents in Hidaka city, Japan. A cross-classification between relative attitude and service patronage was successfully established, dividing the market into four segments. Segments of loyalty and no-loyalty were observed to be dominant over the remaining market. In contrast, the spurious loyalty segment was small and insignificant. An expansion of the latent loyalty segment was also observed when moving from the intention phase to the actual behaviour phase. Notably, not only demographic factors but also social awareness variables including environmental concern and elderly support were observed to be significant in distinguishing customer segments from one another.     

电动汽车电池管理系统(BMS)现状分析

电控技术作为新能源汽车三大关键技术之一,相对于电池和电机技术成熟度更低,对外进口依赖度更高,因此对实现自主研发生产的要求更为迫切。文章以电控系统中最为关键的电池管理系统作为研究对象,通过文献收集、专家访谈以及实地调研等研究方法,从技术、产品(产业链)、市场和资金投入四个维度来分析我国电动汽车电池管理系统现状。     

考虑消费者扶贫偏好的扶贫农产品引入策略研究

虽然我国完成了消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务,但相对贫困的地区依然存在,并且伴随着规模不经济、农户难以融入大市场等问题,建立扶贫品牌可以有效帮助贫困农户增收。因此,本文考虑了消费者的扶贫偏好,对来自贫困地区农产品(扶贫农产品)引入市场后的市场竞争进行探究后发现,(1)扶贫农产品的低价策略不会降低普通农产品的批发价格和零售价格,有利于市场稳定,但引入扶贫农产品总是有从普通农产品的市场中获取销量的趋势,零售商可以通过调整价格策略来增加整体市场覆盖率。(2)固定引入成本与规模不经济现象为扶贫农产品的引入设置了障碍。(3)扶贫偏好型消费者比例对普通农户产生影响,它们的溢价支付意愿对贫困农户产生影响,当这两个参数都达到一定水平时,零售商会主动引入扶贫农产品并采用高价策略。最后给出了立足于政府、企业和农民三个角度的管理学启示,旨在鼓励社会各方积极参与品牌扶贫。     

全地形车企业产品开发与市场开拓建议

目前我国全地形车行业面临新的机遇和挑战,产品开发与市场开拓工作对企业的发展起着关键作用.为了行业的健康发展,一方面,政府部门和行业机构应不断研究新情况,对产业进行正确引导;另一方面,各企业特别是行业骨干企业,应当重视对行业发展的研究,实施各自的产品开发与市场开拓战略.     

Commercial public bus transport services in Germany: How a market in motion struggles with its regulatory framework

After decades of stagnation, the competitive market for commercial public bus transport services in Germany is beginning to move. Nevertheless, compared to the total market volume, the number of cases where competition is observable remains small. An empirical analysis of competition in the commercial services market as compared to competition in the non-commercial services market confirms that entry barriers do exist. These barriers clearly impede competitive developments in this embryonic market, which relies on the market initiatives of operators to develop. The paper identifies a key entry barrier in the institutional framework: for potential market entrants, the overall uncertainty regarding competitive procedures for commercial services is significantly higher than usual in tendering procedures. This high uncertainty poses the main disadvantage for newcomers as compared to incumbents.     

Equilibrium properties of taxi markets with search frictions

The equilibrium properties of an aggregate taxi market are investigated using a general bilateral searching and meeting function which characterizes the search frictions between vacant taxis and unserved customers. Three specific issues are analyzed for meeting functions that exhibit increasing, constant and decreasing returns to scale. Firstly, service quality in terms of customer wait/search time and average profit per taxi are examined jointly in relation to taxi fleet size, and a Pareto-improving win-win situation is identified, where an increase in taxi fleet size leads to improvements in both service quality and market profitability. Such a Pareto-improving situation is found to emerge if and only if the meeting functions show increasing returns to scale. Secondly, the properties of the socially optimal solution are examined. It is found that the taxi fleet size should be chosen such that the total cost of operating vacant taxis equals the total cost of customer waiting time multiplied by an asymmetric factor of the meeting function, and that taxi services should be subsidized at social optimum only when the meeting functions show increasing returns to scale. Thirdly, the Pareto-efficient services are examined for trade-offs between social welfare and profits in the light of partially conflicting objectives of the public sector and the private taxi firms using a bi-objective maximization approach. The taxi utilization rate and the customer wait/search time or service quality are proved to be constant along the Pareto frontier and equal to those at social optimum if the meeting functions show constant returns to scale. Extensions are made to the cases with increasing and decreasing returns to scale.     

竞品分析在汽车整车开发中的应用

文章针对竞品分析在汽车整车开发过程中的应用进行了阐述,全面覆盖了整车开发的持续性市场研究阶段、战略输入及项目可行性分析阶段、产品概念设计阶段、工程设计阶段与设计验证阶段这五个阶段。每个阶段都详细地描述了整车开发项目亟须解决的问题以及竞品分析的实施内容,通过对每个阶段开展竞品的研究和对比分析,以此确保开发出的新车型具有市场竞争力,符合消费者的需求与技术发展趋势。此外,整车开发过程中的竞品分析还能够极大地减少研发投入、缩短研发周期并提高研发水平,这将是各大车企快速提升整车研发水平的重要途径。