Optimal deployment of autonomous vehicle lanes with endogenous market penetration

This paper develops a mathematical approach to optimize a time-dependent deployment plan of autonomous vehicle (AV) lanes on a transportation network with heterogeneous traffic stream consisting of both conventional vehicles (CVs) and AVs, so as to minimize the social cost and promote the adoption of AVs. Specifically, AV lanes are exclusive lanes that can only be utilized by AVs, and the deployment plan specifies when, where, and how many AV lanes to be deployed. We first present a multi-class network equilibrium model to describe the flow distributions of both CVs and AVs, given the presence of AV lanes in the network. Considering that the net benefit (e.g., reduced travel cost) derived from the deployment of AV lanes will further promote the AV adoption, we proceed to apply a diffusion model to forecast the evolution of AV market penetration. With the equilibrium model and diffusion model, a time-dependent deployment model is then formulated, which can be solved by an efficient solution algorithm. Lastly, numerical examples based on the south Florida network are presented to demonstrate the proposed models.     

Activity-based market equilibrium for capacitated multimodal transport systems

Empirical studies have shown that demand for multimodal transport systems is highly correlated with activity schedules of individuals. Nonetheless, existing analytical equilibrium models of multimodal systems have only considered trip-based demand. We propose a new market equilibrium model that is sensitive to traveler activity schedules and system capacities. The model is based on a constrained mixed logit model of activity schedule choice, where each schedule in the choice set is generated with a multimodal extension of the household activity pattern problem. The extension explicitly accounts for both passenger choices of activity participation and multimodal choices like public transit, walking, and vehicle parking. The market equilibrium is achieved with Lagrangian relaxation to determine the optimal dual price of the capacity constraint, and a method of successive averages with column generation finds an efficient choice set of activity schedules to assign flows over the dynamic network load capacities. An example illustrates the model and algorithm, effects similar to Vickrey’s morning commute model can be observed as a special case. A case study of the Oakville Go Transit station access “last mile” problem in the Greater Toronto Area is conducted with 166 survey samples reflecting 3680 individuals. Results suggest that a $10 fixed parking fee at Oakville station would lead to a reduction of access auto share from 54.8% to 49.5%, an increase in access transit share from 20.7% to 25.9%, and a disutility increase of 11% for the of single-activity residents of Oakville.     

One price for all? Price discrimination and market captivity: Evidence from the Italian city-pair markets

This paper tests whether, and to what extent, airlines exploit market captivity by using price discrimination strategies. The Italian passenger market is particularly fit for this purpose, given the high differentials in the degree of the inter-modal competition amongst domestic connections. Results show that, ceteris paribus, airlines adopt a different pricing behaviour depending on the degree of inter-modal market captivity. First, in highly concentrated markets with respect to air competitors, airlines price higher when the inter-modal competition is limited. This proves that inter-modal market captivity strengthens the effect of market power. Second, the inter-temporal price discrimination leads to a J-shaped distribution of fares over time, which is more pronounced when the inter-modal competition is effective. This suggests that airlines need to adopt a pricing technique that allows for a greater market segmentation in order to compete successfully with high-speed rail transport and to extract a larger part of passengers’ surplus. These results are relevant in terms of transport-investment implications and competition policy. The indirect benefits that investments in rail infrastructure would yield through downward pressures on competing airline fares should be embedded in any cost-benefit analysis of high-speed networks investments and in any policy evaluation of measures that aim to reduce the territorial gaps in infrastructure endowment and accessibility.     

A spatial autoregressive panel model to analyze road network spillovers on production

The production function approach is used to introduce the effect of public infrastructure on economic growth focusing on its spillover effects. We improve the existing literature both from a conceptual and methodological perspective. As regressors we incorporate variables related to the new concepts of internal and imported transport infrastructure capital stocks, which are actually used in commercial flows, calculated by network analysis performed in GIS. The internally used capital stock represents own infrastructure that benefits accessing markets within the region itself, while the imported capital stock captures the spillover effect associated to the use of the infrastructure situated in neighboring regions. From a methodological perspective, we introduce spatial interdependence into these models, applying the most recent spatial econometric techniques based on instrumental variables estimation in spatial autoregressive panel models in comparison with Maximum Likelihood estimation methods. We illustrate the methodology with Spanish provincial panel data for the period 1980–2007. Results support the hypothesis that the imported capital has a positive spillover effect on production.     

深海工程装备研发中若干共性水动力学问题

开展深海工程装备研发中水动力学相关项目的研究,不仅能深化对深海环境条件与浮式海洋结构物相互作用规律的认识,进一步丰富和发展深海资源开发的技术手段,而且可有效地缩短与国外在深海开发技术方面的差距,直接为深远海水域重大工程的规划设计、海洋资源开发提供技术指导和服务.本文结合我们近年来在海洋资源开发相关的水动力学方面开展的研究工作和对国内外研究进展的认识,就今后深海工程装备研发中水动力学(主要是水波动力学)可能的发展方向作一简要的评述.     

土耳其摩托车市场和准入管理制度（1）

土耳其的摩托车市场在近几年发展比较迅猛,目前,土耳其全国的摩托车保有量达到250万辆,每千人拥有30辆摩托车。土耳其由于在地理上靠近欧洲,因此在车辆产品的管理和技术法规方面受欧洲影响很大,与国际惯例相符合的程度也很高。土耳其负责车辆产品市场准入管理的政府主管和批准机关为土耳其工业与贸易部,该机关负责整车产品和零部件的型式批准。     

2009-2010年车用发动机及活塞市场分析与预测

2009年车用发动机及活塞市场与汽车市场一样，得到了快速增长。2010年国际国内宏观经济形势对汽车、车用发动机及活塞市场来说十分有利，乘用车市场2010年将保持15％的增速，商用车市场将保持10％的增长，2010年车用发动机活塞市场的总产销量将分别达到1．325亿只和1．3014亿只左右，同比将分别增长18％和16％。     

经济机会论的实践背景分析

本文通过回顾总结我国经济体制改革历程、分析国有企业走入经营困境的根本原因,论证市场经济的核心本质特征是“机会经济”和经济机会论对市场经济的运作具有较强的操作指导性。     

论一体化开发理念在轨道交通工程中的应用

以轨道交通发达区域的典型工程实例为对象,分析指出其成功的原因在于因地制宜地将一体化开发理念贯穿于轨道交通从规划到土地利用及建设完工的全过程。进一步针对北京轨道交通房山线自身特点,深入分析其沿线区域特征及一体化开发背景,阐述如何将一体化理念运用到具体工程实践中。     

承压水开采对天津滨海地铁车站-隧道系统影响的模拟研究

为探索抽水沉降对地铁系统造成的影响,以天津地区软土环境中的地铁车站-隧道系统为例,采用三维渗流-应力耦合数值模拟方法,模拟承压水抽取引起的车站-隧道连接区间沉降情况,研究沉降和差异沉降对整个系统的影响。在一定假设条件下,定量分析地铁车站-隧道系统不同部位的沉降值以及沉降导致的应力集中等现象。结果表明: 1)抽水所在承压水层的压缩量最高, 沉降最大,在向上向下扩展中,压缩量逐渐降低; 2)沉降发生时,车站结构对沉降有一定抵抗,隧道结构抵抗沉降能力较弱,由此引起近站隧道的差异沉降,导致距离车站2 m 附近的隧道顶部产生较大应力集中。