"翠洲"轮延伸航线稳性、抗风性研究

“翠洲”轮原是一艘从事长江仪征到栖霞过江运输的简易油船,主机功率较小,航速较低,在给该轮延伸航线改造时,船舶稳性、抗风性方面问题较为突出.通过理论分析和实航研究,解决了上述问题,确保了海上航行的安全.文章对此作了较详细的介绍.     

SWATH交通艇方案设计及其稳性分析

在简单介绍SWATH交通艇初步设计的基础上,对其稳性进行分析,并根据规范做了校核.     

气垫船高速纵稳性与艏裙流体动力性能分析

在气动力与水动力的联合作用下,艏部围裙的响应度及抗缩进能力与气垫船的阻力、纵稳性及耐波性密切相关。该文结合气垫船的升沉、纵倾及艏部围裙在气动力和水动力联合作用下的响应特性,对全垫升气垫船艏部围裙响应性能、抗缩进性能和高速纵稳性计算方法进行了初步的探讨和研究。     

交叉杆式自导向转向架动力学性能分析

对交叉杆式自导向转向架在日本通勤车上的适用性进行了分析.研究结果表明,在自导向转向架一系悬挂水平定位刚度降为普通转向架对应刚度一半的情况下,仍能保证同样水平的车辆运行稳定性.通过小半径曲线时,其轮对冲角和轮轨横向力均比普通转向架小得多.当轮轨摩擦系数增大时,其效果更为显著.     

隧道稳定性分析与设计方法讲座之三：隧道设计理念与方法

本文作为一个讲座对以往研究成果作一综述。回顾了当前采用的3种隧道设计方法,提出了基于数值极限分析的地层－结构法,克服了地层－结构法缺点,可以求得设计所需的围岩稳定安全系数,解决了当前设计中的人为性问题。对隧道深浅埋分界线进行了探索,叙述了基于散体理论的隧洞深浅埋分界标准。提出了基于弹塑性理论的隧洞深浅埋分界标准,并对2种分解标准的优缺点进行了评述。阐述了隧道设计计算的5个基本理念： 1）隧道设计必须满足运行和施工中安全要求,提出初期支护后围岩安全系数必须保证施工安全; 2）隧道设计计算模型必须适应不同工程地质条件、围岩压力特征,符合隧道实际受力情况; 3）必须符合现代围岩压力理论与现代支护原理,充分发挥围岩自承作用; 4）隧道结构计算模型也应符合结构实际受力状态,树立初期支护作为围岩加固材料,按塑性理论计算的新理念; 5）采用合理的计算方法与计算参数,确保隧道设计计算的科学性。最后以一个地铁车站为例,采用本讲座提出的方法介绍了Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ级围岩中隧道的设计方法与成果。     

车辆协同巡航控制系统设计改进与试验评价

为提高交通流运行的机动性、稳定性，对车辆协同巡航控制(CACC)系统进行了改进设计. 基于经典Newell 模型提出了考虑CACC的改进跟驰模型，分析了所提出的CACC改进跟驰模型的动力学特性，给出了CACC改进跟驰模型的线性稳定性条件，并对由CACC车辆和非CACC车辆组成的非均匀车队的不同无线通讯拓扑结构进行了比较研究. 通过数值试验进一步研究了在起步、刹车和意外事件的情况下，CACC车辆的存在对交通流动力学的影响. 研究结果表明，通过合理设计CACC跟驰系统的模型参数取值后，CACC车辆的存在一方面可以提高交通流运行的机动性与稳定性，另一方面可以使交通出行更加的安全和舒适. 此外，由于不同车队中CACC车辆的无线通讯拓扑结构会影响交通流的机动性与稳定性，对于 CACC车辆的无线通讯拓扑结构应慎重的设计与优化.     

考虑堆填界面软化及地下水位波动的大型弃渣场边坡稳定性分析

弃渣场是基础建设中的重要附属设施,近年来业界对弃渣场边坡稳定与安全十分关注.针对弃渣场长期运行中堆填界面软化和地下水位波动这2种典型致灾因子,本文在地质补勘、岩土试验和变形监测的基础上,采用强度折减有限元法模拟研究了一大型弃渣场的典型失稳机制和稳态演化规律.研究发现由于地表入渗的长期淋溶和地下水浸润作用,依附堆填界面产生黏粒充填现象和强度软化效应,从而诱发依附堆填界面的应变局部化,导致边坡潜在失稳模式的转变、松动区的扩大和边坡稳态的下降,弃渣场设计与运行过程中,应对堆填界面软化效应予以重视.对监测数据反映的雨季地下水位上浮2m的工况进行校核计算,以及地下水位进一步抬升条件下的边坡稳态模拟预测,表明在遭遇极端降雨事件或排水设施失效等恶劣工况下,该弃渣场具有安全储备不足的风险,因此需要加强地下水位监测和地下排水设施维护,保障弃渣场边坡的长期稳定与安全.本文提出的评价思路、方法和成果可供类似弃渣场边坡稳定性评价借鉴.     

Dynamic stability metrics for the container loading problem

The Container Loading Problem (CLP) literature has traditionally evaluated the dynamic stability of cargo by applying two metrics to box arrangements: the mean number of boxes supporting the items excluding those placed directly on the floor (M1) and the percentage of boxes with insufficient lateral support (M2). However, these metrics, that aim to be proxies for cargo stability during transportation, fail to translate real-world cargo conditions of dynamic stability.In this paper two new performance indicators are proposed to evaluate the dynamic stability of cargo arrangements: the number of fallen boxes (NFB) and the number of boxes within the Damage Boundary Curve fragility test (NB_DBC). Using 1500 solutions for well-known problem instances found in the literature, these new performance indicators are evaluated using a physics simulation tool (StableCargo), replacing the real-world transportation by a truck with a simulation of the dynamic behaviour of container loading arrangements.Two new dynamic stability metrics that can be integrated within any container loading algorithm are also proposed. The metrics are analytical models of the proposed stability performance indicators, computed by multiple linear regression. Pearson’s r correlation coefficient was used as an evaluation parameter for the performance of the models. The extensive computational results show that the proposed metrics are better proxies for dynamic stability in the CLP than the previous widely used metrics.     

Stability of transportation networks under adaptive routing policies

Growing concerns regarding urban congestion, and the recent explosion of mobile devices able to provide real-time information to traffic users have motivated increasing reliance on real-time route guidance for the online management of traffic networks. However, while the theory of traffic equilibria is very well-known, fewer results exist on the stability of such equilibria, especially in the context of adaptive routing policy. In this work, we consider the problem of characterizing the stability properties of traffic equilibria in the context of online adaptive route choice induced by GPS-based decision making. We first extend the recent framework of “Markovian Traffic Equilibria” (MTE), in which users update their route choice at each intersection of the road network based on traffic conditions, to the case of non-equilibrium conditions, while preserving consistency with known existence and uniqueness results on MTE. We then exhibit sufficient conditions on the network topology and the latency functions for those MTEs to be stable in the sense of Lyapunov for a single destination problem. For various more restricted classes of network topologies motivated by the observed properties of travel patterns in the Singapore network, under certain assumptions we prove local exponential stability of the MTE, and derive analytical results on the sensitivity of the characteristic time of convergence to network and traffic parameters. The results proposed in this work are illustrated and validated on synthetic toy problems as well as on the Singapore road network with real demand and traffic data.     

半潜式平台稳性研究

海洋资源勘探不断向深海发展，适合深海作业的半潜式平台成为研究热点，而稳性校核多是针对自升式平台，少有对半潜式平台的稳性研究。考虑到柱稳式平台与自升式平台稳性恒准的差异，本文针对半潜式平台，用Moses软件计算半潜式平台稳性，具体做法为对某一半潜式平台进行数字化建模，之后通过改变横摇角得到平台的风倾力矩和复原力矩曲线，从而对平台的完整稳性、碰撞破损稳性以及单舱进水剩余稳性进行分析校核。得出结论如下：1）该平台在油田拖航下最危险的情况为艏摇角60°时，在其它工况下最危险的情况为艏摇角30°时；2）半潜式平台吃水的增大不利于平台的完整稳性；3）在油田拖航工况下，舱室的组合碰撞破损对平台稳性影响最小；4）对于碰撞破损稳性来说，半潜式平台的稳性程度不一定随着吃水增加而降低，具体情况要根据在不同吃水下不同的舱室组合来判断；5）平台在作业工况、远洋拖航工况和油田拖航工况下最危险的进水舱室分别为WB01P、FWD4P和AFT3P；6）平台的吃水增加不利于平台单舱进水后的剩余稳性。希望本文提出的方法可为其他半潜式平台的稳性分析提供参考。