一种新型的势垒式限滑差速器

提出了一种新型势垒式限滑差速器。分析了这种差速器的工作原理,介绍了齿轮设计所采用的非渐开线齿形并沿齿面节线分段设计的方法,进行了台架和路试的可靠性试验、最大牵引力试验和制动距离试验。     

含水量对压实粘土的变形及强度性能的影响

通过室内压缩试验和直剪试验,研究了含水量对压实粘土的压缩变形与抗剪强度的影响,并从土体结构与土中基质吸力变化两个方面分析了作用机理。试验表明:随压实含水量增大,粘土的压缩变形增加、抗剪强度降低;粘聚力随压实含水量增加并非单调变化,其曲线形式类似于“”形;内摩擦角随压实含水量增加,大体上是减小的。压实粘土浸水饱和后,压缩变形显著增加,抗剪强度和粘聚力则显著降低。且压实含水量越小的土体在其他条件相同时,因饱和引起的压缩变形、抗剪强度和粘聚力损失较大,内摩擦角受浸水饱和的影响较小。     

淤泥EPS颗粒混合轻质土抗剪强度的影响因素

在疏浚淤泥中添加固化材料和EPS颗粒,制作成淤泥EPS颗粒混合轻质土,既可以资源化利用疏浚淤泥,又可以减少软土的地基处理费用。通过直接剪切试验,获取了淤泥EPS颗粒混合轻质土的抗剪强度参数,即粘聚力与内摩擦角。研究发现:粘聚力随水泥添加量和龄期的增加而增加;在水泥添加量较小时,粘聚力随EPS添加量增加而增加,在水泥添加量较大时,粘聚力随EPS颗粒添加量增加而减小;水泥添加量、EPS颗粒添加量和龄期对内摩擦角的影响不显著,淤泥EPS颗粒混合轻质土的内摩擦角总体分布在20~°35°之间。     

Short-term Hourly Traffic Forecasts using Hong Kong Annual Traffic Census

The need for acquiring the current-year traffic data is a problem for transport planners since such data may not be available for on-going transport studies. A method is proposed in this paper to predict hourly traffic flows up to and into the near future, using historical data collected from the Hong Kong Annual Traffic Census (ATC). Two parametric and two non-parametric models have been employed and evaluated in this study. The results show that the non-parametric models (Non-Parametric Regression (NPR) and Gaussian Maximum Likelihood (GML)) were more promising for predicting hourly traffic flows at the selected ATC station. Further analysis encompassing 87 ATC stations revealed that the NPR is likely to react to unexpected changes more effectively than the GML method, while the GML model performs better under steady traffic flows. Taking into consideration the dynamic nature of the common traffic patterns in Hong Kong and the advantages/disadvantages of the various models, the NPR model is recommended for predicting the hourly traffic flows in that region.     

Optimizing the locations of electric taxi charging stations: A spatial–temporal demand coverage approach

Vehicle electrification is a promising approach towards attaining green transportation. However, the absence of charging stations limits the penetration of electric vehicles. Current approaches for optimizing the locations of charging stations suffer from challenges associated with spatial–temporal dynamic travel demands and the lengthy period required for the charging process. The present article uses the electric taxi (ET) as an example to develop a spatial–temporal demand coverage approach for optimizing the placement of ET charging stations in the space–time context. To this end, public taxi demands with spatial and temporal attributes are extracted from massive taxi GPS data. The cyclical interactions between taxi demands, ETs, and charging stations are modeled with a spatial–temporal path tool. A location model is developed to maximize the level of ET service on the road network and the level of charging service at the stations under spatial and temporal constraints such as the ET range, the charging time, and the capacity of charging stations. The reduced carbon emission generated by used ETs with located charging stations is also evaluated. An experiment conducted in Shenzhen, China demonstrates that the proposed approach not only exhibits good performance in determining ET charging station locations by considering temporal attributes, but also achieves a high quality trade-off between the levels of ET service and charging service. The proposed approach and obtained results help the decision-making of urban ET charging station siting.     

Investigation of ship waves in a narrow channel

This paper presents a discussion of the characteristics of ship waves in a narrow channel restricted by vertical walls, based on observed data and the results computed by a 2-D model. In the numerical model, the propagation of waves generated by a moving ship is simulated by solving 2-D depth-integrated Boussinesq equations. To get the boundary conditions at the location of the ship, the slender-ship approximation is employed. A field observation was carried out at a straight length of navigation channel. The ships targeted in the observations are two kinds of waterbuses with lengths of 28 and 24 m. The relative depth Froude number for the river current, an appropriate parameter for assessing the influence of the current on ship wave characteristics in a navigation channel, ranged from 0.47 to 0.76. The observed maximum wave height varied between 0.13 and 1.26 m. The maximum wave height of the wave train is sharply increased when the relative depth Froude number exceeds 0.6. The results computed by the present model agree fairly well with the observed data.     

A new estimation approach for the multiple discrete–continuous probit (MDCP) choice model

This paper develops a blueprint (complete with matrix notation) to apply Bhat’s (2011) Maximum Approximate Composite Marginal Likelihood (MACML) inference approach for the estimation of cross-sectional as well as panel multiple discrete–continuous probit (MDCP) models. A simulation exercise is undertaken to evaluate the ability of the proposed approach to recover parameters from a cross-sectional MDCP model. The results show that the MACML approach does very well in recovering parameters, as well as appears to accurately capture the curvature of the Hessian of the log-likelihood function. The paper also demonstrates the application of the proposed approach through a study of individuals’ recreational (i.e., long distance leisure) choice among alternative destination locations and the number of trips to each recreational destination location, using data drawn from the 2004 to 2005 Michigan statewide household travel survey.     

沥青路面微表处抗剪性能试验研究

通过直剪试验并结合理论计算对沥青路面微表处的抗剪性能进行研究,研究表明:夏李高温时,微表处的抗剪强度可以抵抗极端不利条件下的车轮剪切力;在最佳油石比±1％的范围内,微表处抗剪强度不会随油石比的增加而减小;界面污染或界面有水会减小微袁处与旧路面的粘结力.     

Spatial impacts of road pricing: Accessibility, regional spillovers and territorial cohesion

Road pricing policies are gaining prominence in EU countries. These policies have positive impacts leading to mobility patterns which are socially and environmentally more desirable, but they also have negative impacts. One negative impact is to be found in regional accessibility, due to the increase in generalized transport costs. This study presents a methodology based on accessibility indicators and GIS to assess the accessibility impacts of a road pricing policy. The methodology was tested for the Spain’s road network considering two road pricing scenarios. It enables not only the more penalized regions to be identified but also negative road pricing spillover effects between regions. These effects are measured in terms of accessibility changes occurring in one region produced by charges implemented in another region. Finally, the study of accessibility disparities (by calculating inequality indexes for each of the scenarios considered), provides policymakers with useful information regarding the impact of road pricing policies from the point of view of territorial cohesion.     

大跨度连续刚构桥最大双悬臂施工状态的风致内力分析

以主跨为200m的预应力混凝土三跨连续刚构桥为工程背景,通过数值分析,讨论了其动力特性;给出了设计风速范围内、两种不同工况作用下,最大双悬臂施工状态主梁各控制截面的风致内力。