考虑残余应力效应的深潜器耐压壳体疲劳研究

本文考虑焊接残余应力的影响,给出包含裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展全过程的载人深潜器耐压球壳疲劳寿命预报方法,分别基于局部应力-应变法和能计及负应力比效应的裂纹扩展单一曲线模型预报了耐压球壳的工艺疲劳寿命和使用疲劳寿命,研究焊接残余应力大小对球壳疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明,忽略拉伸残余应力的影响将导致疲劳寿命预测结果偏于危险;耐压球壳整体受压时,拉伸残余应力使得球壳局部区域承受拉-压循环载荷,计算使用疲劳寿命过程中须考虑其影响;降低拉伸残余应力可有效提高耐压球壳的疲劳寿命。     

Factors influencing travel mode choice among families with young children (aged 0–4): a review of the literature

Life events, such as the birth of a child, disrupt habitual travel behaviour and provide a valuable opportunity to influence the adoption of sustainable transport practices. However, in order for sustainable travel practices to be adopted, an understanding is required of the factors that influence travel mode choice among families with young children. Research in this field is particularly timely given many in the millennial generation, a comparably large cohort, are approaching this life stage. This comprehensive literature review develops a framework of factors influencing travel mode choice among families with young children. The findings reveal a multitude of factors influence decisions about mode choice, and, in particular, encourage travel by car, when travelling with young children. The paper concludes with an agenda for future research about travel among families with young children, a largely overlooked group of transport users.     

基于寿命分布的备件需求计算模型分析

根据指数分布、正态分布和威布尔分布的寿命分布类型,对航海装备的一些维修备件进行分类,并提出了在满足备件保障度下这三种寿命分布类型备件的需求计算模型,对一些备件需求预测实例进行了预测计算。     

Numerical simulations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation based on re-tensile plastic zone generating load criterion for in-plane gusset welded joints

Many accidents are caused by fatigue in welded built-up steel structures, and so it is important to estimate the fatigue lives of such structures quantitatively for safety reasons. By assuming that fatigue cracks cannot grow without an accumulation of alternating tensile/compressional plastic strain, one of the authors identified an improved effective stress intensity factor range ΔK _RPG based on the re-tensile plastic zone generating (RPG) load, which represents the driving force for fatigue cracks, and suggested that ΔK _RPG should be used as the parameter to describe fatigue crack growth behavior. The “FLARP” numerical simulation code in which ΔK _RPG is implemented as the fatigue crack growth parameter, was developed in order to predict fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. In this paper, it is demonstrated that FLARP gives accurate estimates for fatigue life by comparing the estimated fatigue crack growth curves and S–N curves with the experimental results for in-plane gusset welded joints, which are used in many welded steel structures. Moreover, the effect of induced bending moment due to the linear misalignment in the out of plane direction on the fatigue strength of in-plane gusset welded joints is investigated through numerical simulations.     

T型焊接接头疲劳性能研究

T型焊接接头在船舶与海洋工程结构中广泛应用,研究T型焊接接头的疲劳性能对于提高船舶与海洋工程结构的强度具有重要意义.针对工程中常用的四种焊趾形式的T型焊接接头,利用有限元计算和模型试验两种方法对其疲劳性能进行了研究.结果表明,平面型焊趾是较优的T型接头焊趾形式.     

LNG船疲劳强度评估及低温影响的讨论

以某LNG船为研究对象,建立三舱段有限元模型,并根据美国船级社薄膜型LNG船体结构疲劳强度指南,基于SN曲线法的疲劳积累损伤原理,分别采用名义应力和热点应力法,对船体典型节点进行疲劳强度评估,同时对计算结果进行分析;讨论低温下材料性能改变对节点疲劳寿命评估的影响。研究表明,采用常温下SN曲线进行LNG船疲劳强度评估是合适的。     

硅烷浸渍混凝土耐酸雨性能的研究

采用酸雨模拟试验方法,研究了两种硅烷对不同配合比的混凝土耐酸雨性能的影响,重点研究了硅烷浸渍混凝土的外观、体积、质量、强度及吸水率与碳化深度等性能,并建立了硅烷浸渍混凝土的服役寿命预测模型。试验结果表明,无论是否浸渍硅烷,掺磨细高炉矿渣粉的混凝土耐酸雨性能明显优于不掺矿渣粉的混凝土。两种硅烷可有效提高混凝土耐酸雨性能,有效延长混凝土在酸雨环境下的服役寿命。6689硅烷浸渍混凝土的各项耐酸雨性能指标略优于6403硅烷。     

防风网结构风振疲劳特性研究

针对某港实际工程．采用有限元方法对防风网结构在脉动风荷载作用下的动力响应进行分析,并根据瞬态动力分析的结果,找出防风网结构应力疲劳最危险的单元。结合疲劳分析的基本理论,应用雨流法统计最危险单元的应力时程,得到应力循环次数及应力幅大小,根据Miner线性累积损伤准则编写ANSYS的风振疲劳程序．计算得到防风网结构的疲劳寿命。根据实际工程,验证设计风速为26．8m／s持续作用下防风网结构的疲劳寿命。     

液化天然气B型独立液货舱结构低周疲劳研究

基于某B型独立液货舱为研究对象,开展液化天然气(LNG)船码头装卸货工况下的结构应力和温度场热应力分析,重点针对液货舱水平强框处连接节点计算其因装卸货受力和温度变化所引起的疲劳累积损伤。研究结果表明,部分研究疲劳节点由装卸货产生的低周疲劳损伤在整个结构疲劳累积损伤中的占比较大,对结构疲劳损伤起主导作用,需要在液货舱疲劳强度分析中予以重点关注。因此,对此类B型独立液货舱进行结构设计必须考虑低周疲劳的影响。     

某型柴油机重大故障原因分析

摘 要：通过对故障柴油机连杆、连杆螺栓、平衡块螺栓、排气阀、排气阀导管、活塞、缸套等失效件的理化分析,故障柴油机气门间隙的检查,连杆受力分析与气阀的动力学分析及疲劳计算,结果表明：故障柴油机的首断件为排气阀,排气阀断裂的原因是气阀间隙过大造成的,在气阀间隙较大的情况下,阀杆受力大大增加,其疲劳安全系数大大降低。以上理论计算和理化分析的结果为正确判断柴油机的故障提供了有力支持。