Residual stress measurement in an extra thick multi-pass weld using initial stress integrated inherent strain method

Residual stresses existing in a multi-pass butt joint with a thickness of 70 mm, using a flux-cored arc welding process, were measured by an inherent strain method (ISM). Since such a thick plate before welding contains a large amount of initial residual stresses (−300 to +100 MPa), the initial stresses were integrated with conventional ISM in order to determine the total residual stresses in a welded joint. Two methods named as initial stress integrated ISM and initial inherent strain integrated ISM were suggested for the consideration of the initial stress distributions through the thickness of base plates. The results show that there is a significant difference between the integrated ISM with initial stresses or initial inherent strain and the conventional ISM without initial stresses. The residual stresses measured by any of the initial stress integrated ISM and initial inherent strain integrated ISM agreed well with the neutron diffraction measurement. Thus, the proposed initial stress integrated ISM is a proper destructive measurement method in the case of thick weld joints.     

Non-fragile multi-objective static output feedback control of vehicle active suspension with time-delay

This paper presents an approach to design a delay-dependent non-fragile H_∞/L₂–L_∞ static output feedback (SOF) controller for active suspension with input time-delay. The control problem of quarter-car active suspension with actuator time-delay is formulated to a H_∞/L₂–L_∞ control problem. By employing a delay-dependent Lyapunov function, new existence conditions of delay-dependent non-fragile SOF H_∞ controller and L₂–L_∞ controller are derived, respectively, in terms of the feasibility of bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs). Then, a procedure based on linear matrix inequality optimisation and a hybrid algorithm of the particle swarm optimisation and differential evolution is used to solve an optimisation problem with BMI constraints. Design and simulation results of non-fragile H_∞/L₂–L_∞ controller for active suspension show that the designed controller not only can achieve the optimal performance and stability of the closed-loop system in spite of the existence of the actuator time-delay, but also has significantly improved the non-fragility characteristics over controller perturbations.     

陀螺仪轨迹法测量轨道平顺性替代方案的探索

指出在轨道平顺性测量中轨道检查仪关键器件陀螺仪存在的局限性,通过理论验证,提出一种新的替代方法,即采用传统的长度测量传感器对转角进行测量。通过理论推导,给出新方法的测角数学模型,同时分析了不同基本弦长下其应用的相关问题,以拓展解决此类问题的思路。     

导航信号卡尔曼滤波定位解算方法研究

研究了导航信号的卡尔曼滤波定位解算方法，该方法能够实现用小全的测量值完成导航解的估值解算，同时还可以对导航解进行平滑，减小噪声对导航解的影响。仿真结果证明了该方法在导航定位解算中的有效性和可行性。     

GSM-R系统中无线测量的研究

无线测量集中在移动台与基站之间，主要测量信号电平、信号质量、定时提前量等等。介绍了无线测量的原理、参数、测量流程，以及测量报告的2个应用：通过测量报告分析移动台的行为，进而为查找解决问题提供依据和通过测量报告对网络进行评估。     

车载单端正激式3U开关电源

详细地介绍了车载单端正激式3U开关电源的工作原理、电路特点。该电源开关元件采用场效应管,具有保护电路功能齐全、体积小、效率高、可靠性高的特点,特别是具有在关断输入后,输出延时关闭的特点,确保了系统对重要数据的保存。     

我国铁路网运营的相对有效性评价分析

为量化分析我国铁路网运营的有效性,利用评价经济系统相对有效性的数据包络分析方法,就铁路网近年来运营的相对有效性进行了分析评价。从投入产出的角度,通过计算决策单元未充分利用的资源投入和产出指标输出不足的数量,分析决策单元非相对有效的原因,获得某些有关改善路网运营效率的管理信息;还就我国铁路网运营的有效性与国外主要国家铁路进行比较。结果表明,随着铁路网规模的扩大,路网质量的提高,尤其是近几年一系列运营组织措施的实施,不仅整个路网的运营有效性在提高,而且大多数铁路局(公司)所在路网的运营也是相对有效的;与国外主要国家相比,我国铁路网也是运营很有效的路网之一。     

世界石油市场总体走势分析与启示

从宏观和微观等方面对世界石油市场进行了比较详细的分析,指出了能源消费的总体走势,分析了未来世纪石油市场的生产和储量,并对这方面的焦点问题进行了预测和分析。同时,对我国应采取的能源策略进行了阐述,对我国航运业如何采取相应的战略和运营策略颇有借鉴价值。     

Sideslip angle estimation based on input–output linearisation with tire–road friction adaptation

An adaptive sideslip angle observer considering tire–road friction adaptation is proposed in this paper. The single-track vehicle model with nonlinear tire characteristics is adopted. The tire parameters can be easily obtained through road test data without using special test rigs. Afterwards, this model is reconstructed and a high-gain observer (HGO) based on input–output linearisation is derived. The observer stability is analysed. Experimental results have confirmed that the HGO has a better computational efficiency with the same accuracy when compared with the extended Kalman filter and the Luenberger observer. Finally, a road friction adaptive algorithm based on vehicle lateral dynamics is proposed and validated through driving simulator data. As long as the tires work in the nonlinear region, the maximal friction coefficient could be estimated. This algorithm has excellent portability and is also suitable for other observers.     

电喷摩托车供油方式分析及燃油消耗量测量探讨

电喷摩托车供油方式和化油器摩托车截然不同,沿用化油器摩托车发动机的燃油消耗测量方式不能准确进行燃油消耗量的测量,必须根据具体特点,采用正确的方法,才能准确进行电喷摩托车和电喷发动机燃油消耗量的测量。