三峡水库变动回水区泥沙淤积状况及治理

本文根据《长江三峡泥沙和航运问题的研究成果汇编》等资料，分析了变动回水区航道及港口状况，提出了整治与改善建议等应急对策。     

New applications of EXIT chart for iterative decoding systems

Applications on iterative control and multiple input multiple output （MIMO） system were developed. Two new charts derived from extrinsic information transfer （EXIT） chart were employed as the designing tools, which are called as output mutual information chart with defined iterative degree （DID） chart and near optimum output mutual information （NOMI） chart respectively. Different from the EXIT chart, they can show the iterative performance on the whole signal-to-noise ratio range with one single curve, whereas computation complexity is greatly reduced compared with conventional bit error ratio （BER） performance curve. The iterative control was implemented according to a near-optimum iterative degree vector determined by NOMI chart, the reasonability of uncertain parameters was analyzed in one MIMO system. The concepts were illustrated based on bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding （BICM-ID）.     

EDITORIAL: FINANCIAL CREATIVITY

This paper sets out the developments in world shipbuilding policy that have occurred in the past decade. It reviews and outlines the situation that existed in the late 1990s, when an Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) agreement on the elimination of shipyard operating subsidies was tantalisingly close. After the Introduction, the second section provides a brief review of the development of the industry over the past three decades, setting the context for developments since 1997. The third section discusses the complaint of the European Union (EU) to the World Trade Organization (WTO) concerning the Republic of Korea's support for its shipbuilding sector, and its counterclaim over the EU's temporary defence mechanism (TDM). It is argued that the core of the EU's case at the WTO was flawed, and that the reintroduction of an operating subsidy via the TDM was a mistake. The only prospect for regularizing competition in this area lies in the negotiation of the OECD agreement that was completed, but not ratified, in 1994. Given the souring of relations between two of the main players in this area, the prospects for such a settlement seem remote. The fourth section uses Olson's theory of groups to argue that the European Commission's actions were driven primarily by industry pressure groups, and failed to consider the potential views of other European stakeholders, in particular the taxpayers. Given the failure of the EU's action at the WTO, the future direction of European shipbuilding policy will have to focus on strategies for internal development and improved industrial competitiveness.     

不同类型逆变器功率损耗和输出电压品质的比较

重点对不同类型逆变器馈电的传动系统的功率损耗和输出电压品质进行了比较,逆变器类型包括采用dv/dt或正弦波滤波器的硬开关逆变器以及谐振或准谐振逆变器.谐振逆变器以ZCS谐振逆变器为代表,准谐振逆变器以直流环节采用高频变压器的ZVS准谐振逆变器为代表,给出了仿真和试验结果.在PSPICE环境下,模型仿真几乎全部使用实物.数字仿真时,采用异步电机和电缆组成的高频模型.实验测量是在现有逆变器实验模型上进行的,此模型专用于检测带有dv/dt(或正弦波)滤波器选件的逆变器功能.测量时使用了LEM Norma D6100功率分析仪和一台基于PC平台的功率分析仪,并采用多功能插件NI-Daq 6024E和在LabVIEW环境下开发的控制软件.     

机车车辆轮径专用量具测头半径对示值的影响

介绍利用机车车辆轮径专用量具测量车轮轮径的实际状态,分析测量中可能给测量结果带来的影响。依据所建立的数学模型及测量影响程度,说明测量中存在的问题对测量结果的影响。     

客专百米钢轨焊前自动测量优选配轨系统研究

通过对钢轨焊前激光自动测量方案的分析、论证，提出计算机仿真拟合虚拟钢轨外型，由计算机与标准钢轨参数比对，计算出钢轨外型数据的测量方法。在此基础上，利用多组钢轨外型轮廓进行自动优选配轨的模式，提高配轨精度和效率。     

某隧道初期支护混凝土开裂处理及效果分析

文章结合某高速公路隧道工程初期支护开裂处理情况,分析了初期支护混凝土的开裂原因,以及采用的洞内小导管注浆加固裂缝区、加强开裂区监控量测等处理措施及效果。工程实践表明,经过处理后的隧道周边收敛和拱顶下沉量均在规范允许范围内,取得了良好的效果,为今后类似软弱围岩隧道施工积累了经验。     

新型BCD加法器及其可逆逻辑实现

可逆逻辑是最近几年迅速发展起来的新兴研究领域,由于它在传递信息时能减少能量损耗而引起各方面越来越多的关注.该文设计了一种新型的4×4可逆逻辑门—NC门,该门能够独立实现可逆BCD溢出检测逻辑电路.同时,借助作者曾经设计的4×4可逆加法电路—ZS门,设计出一种新型可逆BCD加法电路.设计的电路与以往的相比,无论是在门的数...     

The impact of road grade on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of a passenger vehicle in real-world driving

To accurately estimate real-world vehicle emission at 1 Hz the road grade for each second of data must be quantified. Failure to incorporate road grade can result in over or underestimation of a vehicle’s power output and hence cause inaccuracy in the instantaneous emission estimate. This study proposes a simple LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) – GIS (Geographic Information System) road grade estimation methodology, using GIS software to interpolate the elevation for each second of data from a Digital Terrain Map (DTM). On-road carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from a passenger car were recorded by Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) over 48 test laps through an urban-traffic network. The test lap was divided into 8 sections for micro-scale analysis. The PHEM instantaneous emission model (Hausberger, 2003) was employed to estimate the total CO₂ emission through each lap and section. The addition of the LiDAR-GIS road grade to the PHEM modelling improved the accuracy of the CO₂ emission predictions. The average PHEM estimate (with road grade) of the PEMS measured section total CO₂ emission (n = 288) was 93%, with 90% of the PHEM estimates between 80% and 110% of the PEMS recorded value. The research suggests that instantaneous emission modelling with LiDAR-GIS calculated road grade is a viable method for generating accurate real-world micro-scale CO₂ emission estimates. The sensitivity of the CO₂ emission predictions to road grade was also tested by lessening and exaggerating the gradient profiles, and demonstrates that assuming a flat profile could cause considerable error in real-world CO₂ emission estimation.