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This paper first shows that LUCE (Gentile, 2012), a recent addition to the family of bush-based algorithms, is closely related to OBA (Bar-Gera, 2002). LUCE’s promise comes mainly from its use of the greedy method for solving the quadratic approximation of node-based subproblems, which determines the search direction. While the greedy algorithm accelerates the solution of the subproblems and reduces the cost of line search, it unexpectedly disrupts the overall convergence performance in our experiments, which consistently show that LUCE failed to converge beyond certain threshold of relative gap. Our analysis suggests that the root cause to this interesting behavior is the inaccurate quadratic approximation constructed on faulty information of second-order derivatives. Because the quadratic approximations themselves are inaccurate, the search directions generated from them are sub-optimal. Unlike OBA, however, LUCE does not have a mechanism to correct these search directions through line search, which explains why its convergence performance suffers the observed breakdowns. We also attempt to improve LUCE using the ideas that have been experimented for the improvement of OBA. While these improvements do work, their effects are not enough to counteract the inability to adjust sub-optimal search directions. Importantly, the fact that the search direction has to be corrected in line search to ensure smooth convergence attests to the limitation of origin-based flow aggregation shared by both OBA and LUCE. These findings offer guidelines for the design of high performance traffic assignment algorithms. 相似文献
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Urban metro systems are subject to recurring service disruption for various reasons, such as mechanical or electrical failure, adverse weather, or other accidents. In recent years, studies on metro networks have attracted increasing attention because the consequence of operational accidents is barely affordable. This study proposes to measure the metro network vulnerability from the perspective of line operation by taking the Shanghai metro network as a case study. As opposed to previous studies that focused largely on disruption of important nodes or links, this study investigates the disruption from the line operation perspective. Betweenness centrality (BC) and passenger betweenness centrality (PBC), number of missed trips, weighted average path length, and weighted global efficiency were analyzed considering relative disruption probability of each line. Passenger flow distribution and re-distribution were simulated for different disruption scenarios based on all-or-nothing assignment rule. The results indicate that the metro lines carrying a large number of passengers generally have a significant impact on the network vulnerability. The lines with circular topological form also have a significant influence on passenger flow re-distribution in case of a disruption. The results of this study provide suggestions on metro system administration for potential improvement of the performance of operation, and passengers may meanwhile have an improved alternate plan for their commute trip when a disruption occurs. 相似文献
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辗扩工艺生产汽车后桥从动锥齿轮锻坯的应用实践 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文根据辗扩成形汽车后桥从动锥齿轮坯铅试件的网格试验所揭示的变形区微单元应变状态,论述了这种阶梯孔环形件辗扩变形的特征;设计了辗扩用孔型及预制坯;进行了力能校核的实例计算;阐述了辗扩工艺生产汽车后桥从动锥齿轮锻坯的应用情况,并与模锻工艺生产该件的经济技术指标进行了比较。 相似文献
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本文介绍了在我国首次应用的UM2000型数字编码轨道电路的系统构成、系统原理及工程应用方面应注意的问题。 相似文献
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