VIV response of a flexible cylinder with varied coverage by buoyancy elements and helical strakes

Many significant engineering challenges have emerged as the petroleum industry has moved their field development and production activities into increasingly deeper water depths. The design of deepwater marine risers presents the combined challenges to minimize top tensioning requirements, mitigate any flow-induced vibrations, and if possible to increase the expected fatigue life of these slender structural members. As part of the design process to achieve these goals external buoyancy modules and strakes have been employed. To gain insight into the complex multi-mode response behavior a recent experimental study was performed and the analysis of selected data sets is presented. In the experiments a horizontal cylinder with a length to diameter ratio of 263 was fitted with a variety of strake and buoyancy element configurations. The models were towed at uniform speeds ranging from 0.4 to 2.0 m/s and fiber optic strain gages were used to measure both in-line and cross-flow strain response. The resulting time series information was processed utilizing the method of time domain decomposition formulated for strain data input and the introduction of modal assurance criterion to resolve the modal strain information that included frequency, mode shape, and critical damping ratio information. The pre-tensioned cylinder without appendages was used as a base case and the results were basically consistent with expectations. In the case of 0.8 m/s low-tension test, multiple closely spaced non-overlapping peaks were observed in both in-line and cross-flow directions and were identified as being of the same mode with mode shapes distorted away from purely sinusoidal behavior. The test data for the 100% coverage by helical stakes demonstrated the effectiveness of that suppression device over the range of current velocities investigated. The most interesting case was that of a staggered combination of helical strakes and buoyancy element whose total for each type of coverage was equal. This effective asymmetric VIV suppression approach is presented and discussed in detail.     

Providing Public Access to the Shore: The Role of Coastal Zone Management Programs

In many coastal states and territories, coastal zone management (CZM) programs have been the prime catalyst in leveraging public access initiatives among state and federal agencies, public organizations, and the private sector. A wide range of tools are used, including acquisition, regulations, technical assistance, and public education. The diversity of approaches is illustrated through a variety of case examples. Although hard numbers for measuring outcomes were not uniformly available, between 1985 and 1988, when federal and state CZM funding dedicated to public access was tracked, $141.5 million (unadjusted 1988 dollars) were spent on 455 public access-related projects. A policy shift occurred in the 1990s away from reliance on acquisition and regulation as the most effective means of providing access and toward technical assistance and public outreach-a response to the overall decrease in funds available for access. CZM programs have been able to balance the contradictory goals of the federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA), such as protecting coastal resources while providing for increased public access to those resources. It is recommended that CZM programs conduct assessments to determine the kind of access needed in the future and where it should be located. And, due to the creativity and innovation that states and territory coastal programs use to achieve access, it is recommended that a national clearinghouse be established for documenting and sharing information on innovative tools and programs.     

四轮转向技术在牵引汽车中的应用

简述车辆四轮转向技术的应用，经过对机场牵引汽车四轮转向系统的研究，提出一种新的控制方式，在随动轮角度跟随基础上加入汽车行驶速度控制因子，既解决了车辆高速行驶的稳定性问题，也保证了车辆低速转弯的灵活性。     

Factors Influencing the Participation of Local Governmental Officials in the National Estuary Program

Participation by local governmental officials is not given the same attention in the literature as that of citizens, publics, technical experts, or stakeholders. Yet, local governments are often a keystone to successfully implementing and enforcing coastal management policies. Qualitative analysis of open-ended interviews with local government officials from three national estuary program applications in New England revealed factors related to nine themes that shaped decisions to participate or not. Three categories of factors help to clarify the different types of influence agencies have over local government officials' decisions about whether or not to participate: factors associated with the character of individuals, with the context, and with the process. This taxonomy helps to clarify the kinds of opportunities available to project leadership to influence local government officials toward participating in regional coastal management processes. An important finding is that project staff should listen and learn about the concerns of local government officials and then create a process that accommodates and overcomes barriers to their participation.     

高速公路合流区上匝道混合车流通行能力经验计算法

研究高速公路合流区上匝道混合车流的通行能力的计算问题。利用已有的高速公路合流区外侧车道交通特征分析结论,推求在外侧车流不同车头时距分布特征下的上匝道混合车流汇合概率模型。运用回归技术和统计方法,建立了加速车道合流点分布概率的实测经验模型。对可接受间隙理论的原型进行了形式上的修正,最终建立高速公路合流区上匝道的混合车流通行能力经验模型,它是主路交通量、匝道交通量、加速车道长度、匝道混合车流比例以及各自的临界间隙和随车时距的函数。最后结合实例介绍经验模型的数值积分求解方法,并证实该经验计算方法具有较高的实效性和可操作性。     

机非混行平面交叉口交通设计理论研究

对机动车与非机动车混行条件下平面交叉口的交通设计进行深入、系统地研究。在分析大量实测数据的基础上,对信号控制交叉口自行车交通流的运行特征进行分析,建立自行车交通流的相关模型;在理论分析和实践的基础上,形成机非混行平面交叉口交通设计理论与方法。这些理论与方法的建立将为解决城市混合交通问题奠定基础。     

两相管流工艺计算软件的研制

利用流体力学理论，结合目前国内外最新的两相流理论和实验研究成果，在描述气液两相管流水力计算、热力计算和流型判断的数学物理模型的基础上，研制出适用于海洋、沙漠、丘陵地区，原油与伴生气、凝析天然气与凝液混合输送工艺的一套新的计算模拟软件TFTCS．对TFTCS的结构、功能、适用范围作了介绍，用该软件对某湿天然气管线进行了模拟计算，同管线生产数据进行了对比，并与国外同类软件PIPEPHASE进行了对比验算。实际应用表明，该软件功能完善、操作方便、计算结果可靠，能满足油气混输管线的设计计算和生产管理的需要。     

SG型轨道式水泥混凝土摊铺机组的主要机构设计

简单介绍了SG型轨道式水泥混凝土摊铺机组中布料机、振实机的升降机构设计构思,对该机构在静止、起升、下降状态进行了受力分析与计算,并详尽地给出了其计算程序,进一步对运算结果进行具体分析。     

基于SB分布的Mixed Logit交通方式分担模型及其验证

研究了SB分布函数的分布特性,发现SB分布比正态分布和对数正态分布能更好地表达单向偏好因子的参数,结合合肥市居民出行调查数据,建立了Logit交通方式分担模型和两种约束条件的SB分布Mixed Logit交通方式分担模型MIXED1和MIXED2,通过对比分析发现MIXED2模型对原始数据解释更合理,且更能体现出行者对出行时间认识上的差异性,文章最后对模型进行了公交出行时间敏感性测试,结果表明实施公交优先后,公交客流转移量主要来源于自行车使用者。基于SB分布Mixed Logit模型不存在Logit模型的IIA缺陷,且能体现出行者对影响因素认识上的差异性,其更适合于交通方式分担建模。     

灰色理论在土石混填路基工后沉降预测中的应用

运用灰色理论建立了土石混填路基的非等时距预测模型,同时,为了预测土石混填路基工后沉降,建立了土石混填路基工后沉降的GM(2,1)模型。通过实例计算表明,GM(2,1)模型预测精度较GM(1,1)灰色模型高,在土石混填路基工后沉降预测中具有较大的实用价值。