High speed rail and tourism: Empirical evidence from Spain

This paper evaluates how changes in the provision of high-speed rail (HSR) services affect tourism outcomes in Spain, a tourist country with the newest and longest HSR network in Europe. To do so it employs an empirical strategy based on the differences-in-differences panel data method with double fixed effects. Data are provided by Spain’s National Statistics Institute (INE) and cover 50 provinces over a 15-year time span (1998–2013). Our results provide mixed evidence about the impact of HSR accessibility on tourist outcomes. On the one hand, we find that air traffic is negatively affected by HSR and air traffic is a strong predictor of tourist arrivals. This suggests a negative indirect effect of HSR on tourist outcomes. On the other hand, HSR may have a positive (weak) direct effect on tourism. However, such result is conditioned on the measure of HSR accessibility and econometric technique used. Thus, the net effect of HSR on tourism outcomes is not consistently positive. This pattern might be attributed to a network design that does not respond to ridership needs and which has a substitution effect on air transportation, the main mode for long-distance tourist mobility.     

Spatial transferability assessment of a composite walkability index: The Pedestrian Index of the Environment (PIE)

This paper analyzes the transferability of a composite walkability index, the Pedestrian Index of the Environment (PIE), to the Greater Montréal Area (GMA). The PIE was developed in Portland, Oregon, and is based on proprietary data. It combines six urban form variables into a score ranging from 20 to 100. The measure introduces several methodological refinements which have not been applied concurrently in previous efforts: a wide coverage of the different dimensions of the urban form, together with the use of a distance-based decay function and modelling-based weighing of the variables.This measure is applied to the GMA using local data in order to evaluate the feasibility of its transfer (the possibility of locally replicating the measure). It is then included in a series of mode choice models to assess its transferability (the capacity of the measure to describe walkability and predict mode choice in another urban area). The models, segmented by trip distance or trip purpose, are estimated and validated against observed trip data from the 2013 Origin-Destination survey.Significant positive correlation is found between the PIE and the choice of walking for short trips, for all purposes as well as for four specific trip purposes. The inclusion of the PIE also improves the accuracy of the modelling process as well as the prediction of the choice of walking for short trips. The PIE can therefore be used in the GMA, and potentially in other metropolitan areas, to improve the modelling of travel behavior for short trips.     

交通方式划分离散选择模型的比较研究

本文章介绍了MNL、NL、HEV、MNP、MMNL等五种离散选择模型,重点分析了它们各自的理论基础与特点,并应用于交通方式划分案例,对模型参数进行标定。结果表明,NL模型能够较好解决存在于替选方案的相似性问题;MMNL预测误差最小,可靠性最高,较NL、HEV、MNP模型更能解决交通方式选择行为中存在的相似性、异质性问题,是一种对交通方式选择行为预测的有效方法。该研究对交通方式分担率预测问题具有重要的指导意义,因为通过简单选择某个离散选择模型开展研究得出的结论并不一定可靠,应根据模型特点谨慎选择、谨慎应用。     

270 km·h-1高速动车模态分析

按弹性体考虑,建立由车体、前后构架和4个轮对轴箱构成的270 km.h-1高速动车模型。采用弹簧单元和拉杆单元模拟一系、二系悬挂及牵引拉杆和轴箱拉杆;设置节点自由度耦合来模拟顶盖与车体其他部件的螺栓连接;在各设备质心位置创建质量单元,用弹簧单元将质量单元与底架上相应设备的支点连接起来以模拟设备质量的影响。用ANSYS软件的Block Lanczos算法提取了270 km.h-1高速动车在考虑设备质量和不考虑设备质量两种情况下的前200阶特征值和特征向量,并对这两种情况下的整车振动特性进行比较分析,得到如下结论:不加设备质量时,与垂向变形相关的振型,其频率明显高于加设备质量时的相应频率;与其他方向变形相关的振型,其相应频率在这两种情况下差异不大;整车刚度按二系悬挂、一系悬挂、车体、构架、车轴的顺序由弱变强;整备状态下车体出现垂向弯曲振型的最低频率为10.42 Hz,满足《200km.h-1以上速度级铁道车辆强度设计及试验规范鉴定暂行规定》的要求。     

中国股权分置改革研究

股权分置已成为中国资本市场最严重的制度障碍,为了构建以金融市场尤其是资本市场为基础的金融体系,推进以市场为导向的金融体制,必须对股权分置进行改革。     

行星滚柱丝杠90kN电动缸整机模态与轴向静刚度分析

以行星滚柱丝杠90kN电动缸为研究对象,采用有限元方法对电动缸整机结构进行模态分析,得出电动缸前16阶固有频率、主要的振动部位(形式)及其与激励源之间的共振避开率,为后续振动分析和结构减振优化奠定基础。通过仿真90 kN拉、压轴向载荷下电动缸的轴向变形情况,得出其静刚度特性,为后续变载荷下的精确位置控制提供参考。     

Rural highway route corridor selection

The selection of a rural highway corridor between designated termini is approached as the simultaneous selection of line and grade of a particular alignment in the corridor. The selection is facilitated by the successive application of linear programming and shortest path techniques. A model is presented in which the inputs are terrain elevations, design constraints on overall grade, terminal grades and elevations, and restricted areas of passage. The output consists of a user‐specified number of alternative corridors, selected on the basis of minimum sum of the deviations of their representative profiles from the original ground. The model is applicable to situations where route selection is dominated by construction considerations. A hypothetical example and an actual application demonstrate the utility of the methodology.     

Case study on health assessments related to a modal shift in transportation

Historically, the emphasis on environmental problems has been on visible pollution. However, as a result of the reduction in visible pollution in recent years, many people have become anxious about invisible dangers. The method for objectively evaluating these invisible dangers is risk assessment. Therefore, in the present study we propose and discuss a method for evaluating the influence of a modal shift in transportation on cancer risk using the technique of risk assessment. First, two representative transportation routes were selected for analysis. Subsequently, the level of airborne carcinogens from the exhaust of ships and trucks was determined. Next, the concentration of each carcinogen in locations across Japan was calculated. Finally, the number of people in Japan who will suffer from cancer related to these emissions was derived and the effects of the modal shift on health are discussed.     

CRTSⅠ型板式无砟轨道脱空状态对结构模态的影响

以CRTSⅠ型板式无砟轨道作为研究对象,运用有限元软件ANSYS,建立有限元梁体模型,对轨道板不同脱空长度的轨道结构进行模态分析,为轨道结构的损伤识别提供理论指导。计算结果表明:随着轨道板脱空长度的增加,轨道结构的同阶固有频率减小;振型的波峰逐渐向脱空区域移动,在脱空区域轨道板的垂向位移增大,轨道板与凸台分离明显。     

码头桩帽开裂问题的诊断研究

对连云港老码头在使用中出现的桩帽开裂现象进行检测和研究,分析桩帽裂缝的成因,并提出解决桩帽开裂问题的对策.