油液监测技术在港口机械设备中的应用

为加强设备管理,延长港口设备使用寿命,进行设备润滑与磨损状态监测。介绍港口机械设备的工况和用油特点。介绍油液检测技术的概念、目的及其技术特点,并以实例说明。油液监测为设备维护保养与视情换油提供了重要的依据,同时有效节约了维修成本,延长了港口机械设备的使用寿命。     

Measuring supply chain risk: Predicting motor carriers’ ability to withstand disruptive environmental change using conjoint analysis

Supply chain risk measurement is an expanding research stream that considers the ability of networked firms to anticipate and respond to significant environmental risks, including major disruptions and unexpected events. However measuring and quantifying supply chain risk has proved an enormous challenge and this research contributes to this goal by developing a risk assessment scorecard, using conjoint analysis, for motor carrier firms. The resultant motor-carrier scorecard has been scaled from 300 to 900, to resemble the well-known FICO score for assessing consumer creditworthiness. Our scoring model enables motor carriers – and the firms that depend upon them in intermodal supply chains – to assess carriers’ ability to withstand major disruptive events, which are broadly defined as events which might lead to a significant drop in carriers’ income and profitability (e.g., such as that which occurred on September 11, 2001). Carriers with weaker risk scores (<600, on a 300–900 scale) are more likely to experience financial distress (and as a result possibly exit the industry itself); those with scores above 600 are less likely to depart. The model correctly identified 77 percent of motor carriers that ultimately exited the trucking industry following the significant environmental disruption caused by 9/11. Our computational experience indicates that the model accuracy, quantified in terms of Type I and Type II errors, compares favorably to prior results reported in the credit scoring literature.     

Carbon and energy footprints of electric delivery trucks: A hybrid multi-regional input-output life cycle assessment

Due to frequent stop-and-go operation and long idling periods when driving in congested urban areas, the electrification of commercial delivery trucks has become an interesting topic nationwide. In this study, environmental impacts of various alternative delivery trucks including battery electric, diesel, diesel-electric hybrid, and compressed natural gas trucks are analyzed. A novel life cycle assessment method, an environmentally-extended multi-region input-output analysis, is utilized to calculate energy and carbon footprints throughout the supply chain of alternative delivery trucks. The uncertainties due to fuel consumption or other key parameter variations in real life, data ranges are taken into consideration using a Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, variations in regional electricity mix greenhouse gas emission are also considered to present a region-specific assessment for each vehicle type. According to the analysis results, although the battery electric delivery trucks have zero tailpipe emission, electric trucks are not expected to have lower environmental impacts compared to other alternatives. On average, the electric trucks have slightly more greenhouse emissions and energy consumption than those of other trucks. The regional analysis also indicates that the percentage of cleaner power sources in the electricity mix plays an important role in the life cycle greenhouse gas emission impacts of electric trucks.     

实时嵌入式系统中常用定时器算法比较

介绍嵌入式系统中几种常用定时器算法及其适用环境。对简单队列算法、队列排序算法、单循环算法、交叉链表算法进行分析、比较，得出4种算法各有优缺点，适合于不同定时器的结论。     

UC STRING定义探讨与应用

本文通过上海汽车乘用车BOM可配置性,阐述UC STRING的定义规则和应用。     

Risk and reward in public transportation contracting

The workshop discusses and documents a number of countries’ experiences regarding risk and reward in the delivery of public transport and determines the way in which competitive pressures actually work (or not) to deliver efficient and effective services. Papers are grouped into three main themes, i.e., public versus private management; negotiated versus competitively tendered contracts; and measures to improve performance. This chapter begins with a brief overview of each of the eight papers. This is followed by a section that out the discussions that emanated from the papers. Finally, the main policy and research recommendations are presented.     

Development of two driving cycles for utility vehicles

Driving cycles are used to assess vehicle fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The premise in this article is that suburban road-work vehicles and airport vehicles operate under particular conditions that are not taken into account by conventional driving cycles. Thus, experimental data were acquired from two pickup trucks representing both vehicle fleets that were equipped with a data logger. Based on experimental data, the suburban road-work vehicle showed a mixed driving behavior of high and low speed with occasional long periods of idling. In the airport environment, however, the driving conditions were restricted to airport grounds but were characterized by many accelerations and few high speeds. Based on these measurements, microtrips were defined and two driving cycles proposed. Fuel consumption and pollutant emissions were then measured for both cycles and compared to the FTP-75 and HWFCT cycles, which revealed a major difference: at least a 31% increase in fuel consumption over FTP-75. This increased fuel consumption translates into higher pollutant emissions. When CO₂ equivalent emissions are taken into account, the proposed cycles show an increase of at least 31% over FTP-75 and illustrate the importance of quantifying fleet speed patterns to assess CO₂ equivalent emissions so that the fleet manager can determine potential gains in energy or increased pollutant emissions.     

朔黄重载铁路线路设备合理修理周期研究北大核心

基于朔黄铁路线路设备维修现状,通过理论分析、室内试验和现场测试探讨适用于该铁路线路设备的修理周期。结果表明:直线区段钢轨大修周期为1 390~1 650 Mt通过总质量;半径400~1 500 m曲线区段钢轨换轨周期为300~800 Mt通过总质量;建议在通过总质量达到60 Mt前进行预防性钢轨打磨,通过总质量超过150 Mt时进行修理性钢轨打磨;直线区段扣件更换周期与钢轨大修周期相同;道床每年捣固2~3遍,25、30 t轴重条件下通过总质量分别达到1 300~1 500 Mt、1 200~1 300 Mt时进行道床清筛。     

我国公路隧道科学养护管理的思考

论述我国公路隧道建设的规模、技术难度、设计理念及养护管理发展现状,指出我国公路隧道建设技术和理论水平发展迅速,已逐渐步入“绿色建设期”,但距离科学养护管理仍然差距较大,存在“建管养”分离、检测养护难度大、基础数据混乱、评定系统不完善和维修加固体系不完善等挑战。针对以上挑战,从3个方面进行了探讨： 1) 引入全寿命周期建设理念,论述了全寿命周期成本、养护便利化和标准化施工等理念对于隧道“建管养”的重要意义; 2) 建立隧道建养信息化系统,通过大数据平台及BIM信息技术,为隧道建立信息档案; 3) 完善养护技术体系,对现有隧道检测、维修加固技术手段进行梳理,总结一套隧道检查、管养技术体系。以期为公路隧道科学养护管理的发展提供新的思路和建议。     

船用低速柴油机电控喷油器预喷射对主喷射循环喷油量的影响

喷油器进行多次喷射时,不同喷射之间会产生相互影响,导致循环喷油量随着喷射间隔(dwell time,DT)的变化产生波动,给柴油机油量的控制增加了难度。本文根据船用低速柴油机电控喷油器的概念设计,利用AMESim仿真平台搭建了喷油器的数值仿真模型,研究预喷射对主喷射循环喷油量的影响,揭示出预喷射引起的喷油器内部的压力波动是导致主喷油量随DT波动的根本原因。分析控制阀杆最大升程、控制腔进油孔直径、控制腔出油孔直径和喷孔直径等4个特性参数对主喷油量波动规律的影响,得出参数变化主要影响主喷油量的波动幅值和相位的结论。