山区高速公路建设投资控制浅析

介绍降低山区高速公路投资控制的重要性．结合广东汕梅高速公路建设投资控制情况,提出了一些切实可行的投资控制措施。     

论绿色壁垒的突破及其与世贸规则的协调

当今时代,随着国际贸易的日益融合和发展,国家之间因贸易而产生的摩擦也日益增多。追求贸易与环境的协调统一本来是发展大计。但当它成为发达国家设置的绿色壁垒时。如何应对,如何使其与世贸规则协调,则成为我国应该重视的问题。本文通过对绿色壁垒问题的研究,希望能对其突破及解决有所裨益。     

摩托车规费稽查方式探讨

针对摩托车规费依靠稽查征收的原因分析入手．指出了传统稽查方式中存在的缺点, 提出了应采取的正确措施。     

浅析高速公路机电系统的防雷保护

通过对高速公路机电系统雷害进行分析,提出了高速公路机电系统的防雷原则和具体措施,强调了系统性防雷的重要性。     

An exploratory study on the Northern Sea Route as an alternative shipping passage

This qualitative inductive research explores the potential benefits for the Scandinavian economy and ports through the implementation of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as an alternative for container shipping to the established Southern route through the Suez Canal. To extract expert’s opinions and address these objectives, we utilised in-depth face-to-face semi-structured interviews through purposive sampling in a single case study setting. The analysis of the data demonstrates that the commercialisation of NSR can yield benefits for the Scandinavian economy (e.g. GDP increase, jobs creation) and reveals the benefits of Scandinavian ports (e.g. ECA’s, flexibility, hinterland, etc.) compared to other ports in North West Europe, which potentially grasp the NSR as an opportunity. However, it is highlighted that this can only be achieved if Scandinavian countries are proactive and secure their involvement.     

航道保护及其范围划定方法探讨

针对航道保护的现状和需求,分析航道保护的内容及影响航道稳定的主要因素,提出核心保护区、敏感区的概念及相应保护措施,探讨航道保护范围划定的基本要求以及需要开展的基础工作等内容。以长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道一期工程航道保护的范围划定为例,对航道保护范围的划定流程提出可操作的建议。     

Can ports increase traffic while reducing inputs? Technical efficiency of Spanish Port Authorities using a directional distance function approach

The focus of this paper is on the productive efficiency of ports. We estimate a directional technology distance function using parametric techniques to analyze the production technology and technical efficiency of a set of Spanish Port Authorities observed over the period 1993–2012. Technical inefficiency is conceived as the ability of ports to simultaneously expand a given output and contract variable inputs while maintaining quasi-fixed inputs and other outputs constant. Thus, for containerized cargo we address the following question: Given the amount of quasi-fixed inputs used by the firm and given the volume of the other outputs (liquids, solids, non-containerized cargo and passenger traffic), could ports increase their containerized merchandise while simultaneously reducing their variable inputs? Similar questions are asked for solid bulk and non-containerized general cargo. Our results show evidence of technical inefficiency among the ports in our sample. In particular, if the ports operated efficiently, we find that containerized cargo could be expanded by an average of over 6.4%, with an equivalent reduction in variable inputs. Solid bulk cargo and general non-containerized cargo could be increased by 4.1% and 6.1% respectively, with corresponding reductions in variable inputs. An implication of our results is that there is ample scope for specialization on the part of ports with no increase in infrastructure costs. Given that large investments in infrastructure have been made in Spanish port over the last decade, this opens the possibility of moving towards a management model based on taking advantage of existing capacity rather than new investments.     

轴舵系照光找中工艺流程优化

在轴舵系照光找中方面,虽然传统拉线法设备简单、操作简便,但由于钢丝本身存在挠度,导致测量精度无法保证。随着超长轴系船舶不断增多和船舶建造精度的不断提高,拉线法已不能满足当前船舶建造精度的需要。优化后的轴舵系照光找中工艺采用光学仪器与激光设备代替拉线,所测量的数据更精准、更直观。经多型船实践证明,新的轴舵系照光找中工艺,通过改变过去照光的生产技术,不仅提高船舶建造效率和质量,而且为船厂进一步节约建造成本。     

深中通道西人工岛岛形对护面块体稳定性和堤顶越浪的影响

针对深中通道西人工岛特殊岛形,利用物理模型试验手段,验证最不利波浪作用下块体稳定性和堤顶越浪量。结果表明:入射波在内凹的岛壁弧顶迅速形成能量聚集,在岛端部外凸出转角处产生波能释放和漩涡流等复杂不利的波态;凹凸多变岛形也导致护面的扭王字块块体咬合性能减弱,多因素影响致使质量5 t设计护面块体失稳,经多次优化后,岛壁堤身段增加至8 t、端部转角特殊段须增加至14 t方能稳定;岛壁越浪规律为沿波浪入射处至端部转角段逐渐增加。将试验结果与规范公式计算结果、二维水槽断面试验结果进行对比,得到结论:受岛形影响下的稳定质量和越浪均偏大,尤其端部转角凸出的特殊区域,因此设计应给予关注,尽量遵循规范的相关规定,即"轴线向外侧拐,保证夹角大于150°以上"的要求。通过试验也再次验证了三维整体试验在稳定性、越浪量和优化设计方面的必要性。     

双层扭王字块护面在深水防波堤结构中的应用

为加强恶劣海况下深水防波堤护面稳定性和结构安全性,根据最新规范规定和试验研究结果,对防波堤原设计方案的护面结构形式进行优化调整。采用双层扭王字块护面结构,利用人工块体代替超大质量规格的块石,并提出实施过程中保证深水防波堤工程护面块体质量的施工控制要点。结果表明,双层扭王字块护面既解决了大规格石料供应问题,又提高了深水防波堤护面结构的稳定性。