基于神经网络的车用汽油机过渡工况空燃比辨识

以HL495Q电喷汽油机为研究对象,提出了一种基于BP神经网络的空燃比辨识方法,比较了不同拓扑结构的神经网络对空燃比辨识精度的影响,得到了一种最优的空燃比模型。试验结果表明,空燃比模型能高精度地逼近空燃比的实际动态过程,模型的平均相对误差小于2%。     

摩托车和轻便摩托车用喇叭性能测试分析

摩托车和轻便摩托车用喇叭的性能测试主要包括基本声学性能和耐久性能测试,建立并执行统一、科学、合理的测试标准,是检测和评价喇叭品质的先决条件,是喇叭产品设计开发、合格检测及调试的基础,不同的试验方法,会给喇叭单品或装车性能的检测带来不同的结果,会给摩托车产品的生产、销售和出口造成一定的影响。     

Traffic conflict assessment for non-lane-based movements of motorcycles under congested conditions

Traffic conflict under congested conditions is one of the main safety issues of motorcycle traffic in developing countries. Unlike cars, motorcycles often display non-lane-based movements such as swerving or oblique following of a lead vehicle when traffic becomes congested. Very few studies have quantitatively evaluated the effects of such non-lane-based movements on traffic conflict. Therefore, in this study we aim to develop an integrated model to assess the traffic conflict of motorcycles under congested conditions. The proposed model includes a concept of safety space to describe the non-lane-based movements unique to motorcycles, new features developed for traffic conflict assessment such as parameters of acceleration and deceleration, and the conditions for choosing a lead vehicle. Calibration data were extracted from video clips taken at two road segments in Ho Chi Minh City. A simulation based on the model was developed to verify the dynamic non-lane-based movements of motorcycles. Subsequently, the assessment of traffic conflict was validated by calculating the probability of sudden braking at each time interval according to the change in the density of motorcycle flow. Our findings underscore the fact that higher flow density may lead to conflicts associated with a greater probability of sudden breaking. Three types of motorcycle traffic conflicts were confirmed, and the proportions of each type were calculated and discussed.     

汽油机掺烧甲醇裂解气试验研究

在1台电喷汽油机上进行了掺烧甲醇裂解气试验研究,设计了甲醇裂解系统,利用发动机高温排气裂解甲醇,并将裂解气送入气缸燃烧,研究了掺烧甲醇裂解气对发动机经济性和动力性的影响.试验结果表明:在管式裂解器中,甲醇裂解的主要产物是H2和CO,体积分数分别为60.7%~64.8%,19.1%~23.1%;汽油掺烧甲醇裂解气会导致发动机输出扭矩降低,发动机当量燃料消耗率下降,热效率增加,甲醇替代比为20%时,不同负荷下当量燃料消耗率均下降6%以上,最大可降低8.8%,有效热效率由原机32.47%提高到35.57%;原机和掺烧裂解气发动机的有效热效率均随过量空气系数的增加而增加,相同过量空气系数条件下,掺烧裂解气发动机热效率比原机高.     

基于双子乳化剂的微乳化柴油配比优化

为了研究双子乳化剂对微乳化柴油稳定性的影响,以 Minitab 软件设计单因素试验、Plackett‐Burman 试验、爬坡试验、Box‐Behnken 试验,通过 Box‐Behnken 试验数据,建立响应面模型,通过 Minitab 软件中的寻优模块,对试验结果寻优,得到最优的试验配方（体积分数）：复配乳化剂比例2．13％,蓖麻油比例1．02％,柴油比例80．85％, HLB 值6．56,葡萄糖水溶液16％,溶液中葡萄糖质量分数18．68％。试验结果表明：利用双子乳化剂制备的微乳化柴油稳定时间为292．6 h ,通过试验验证得到的稳定时间为286 h ,与理论误差为4．7％,较传统乳化剂稳定时间提高大约10％,复配乳化剂的比例减少12％,助溶剂比例减少5％,溶液中的葡萄糖比例提高9％,且制备的微乳化柴油颜色澄清透明。     

A vehicle type-based approach to model car following behaviors in simulation programs (case study: Car-motorcycle following behavior)

Traffic simulation models often neglect the important role of motorcycles and assume a flow of various combinations of cars. This paper addresses how much different would be the behavior of a car driver while following a motorcyclist compared to cases in which a car follows another car, along with a segment of an urban highway in the non-congested flow. Recognition of such a difference might help to develop existing simulation models and to improve the behavior of car drivers in such a way to lead to lower accidents with motorcycles. To reach the goal, a GHR (Gazis-Herman-Rothery) model for car following is applied and data have been collected by video cameras during 15?min time intervals in three different days. Analysis of 198 car-motorcycle and 374 car-car following observations has indicated that when a car driver follows a motorcycle, keeps a higher headway (about 10?m in the low speed) with a lower acceleration/deceleration in comparison with the situation in which car driver follow another one. It means that the behavior of the follower car driver would be more cautious compared to situations in which a car driver follows another one, especially in space headways <10?m. In addition to main findings of the paper for developing a more realistic simulation program, the paper also addresses that in cases when the required safe space between a car and a motorcycle would be endangered, a warning message could be generated for the car driver (by implementing an in-veh ITS technology) to warn driver about keeping a safe distance.     

功率分流混合动力全速域工作模式切换规则优化

针对某功率分流混合动力汽车,探讨了既定模式转矩分配策略未知情况下全速域工作模式切换规则的优化问题。先在既定模式转矩分配策略未知的前提下,将等效燃油消耗与样本数字特征相结合,计算了不同荷电状态(SOC)值下各工作模式在所有可行工作点的基准综合燃油消耗率。以整车燃油经济性为优化目标,确定不同SOC值下所有可行工作点的最佳工作模式,进而得出基于车速、车轮端需求转矩、SOC值的优化后全速域工作模式切换规则,以满足不同工况下的工作模式选择需求。之后,不考虑模式切换过程对整车驾驶平顺性的影响,搭建了模式切换实施模型。再以4个新欧洲驾驶循环(NEDC)工况所构成的组合工况为目标行驶工况,将优化后全速域工作模式切换规则和传统基于逻辑门限的全速域工作模式切换规则分别应用于基于规则的能量管理策略,进行了整车燃油经济性仿真与台架试验验证。仿真结果表明:在不改变既定模式转矩分配策略的条件下,与基于逻辑门限的全速域工作模式切换规则情况相比,所提出的既定模式转矩分配策略未知情况下全速域工作模式切换规则优化方法至少可使整车燃油经济性提高7.33%。台架试验结果进一步表明,该优化方法至少可使整车燃油经济性提高6.17...     

地下水池结构抗震概念分析与研究

地下水池通常存在于大型的地下污水厂、城市雨污水泵站、调蓄池等工程中。然而地下水池结构的抗震分析存在一系列难题,如设计理论的选取、流体作用力分析、构造措施的设计、设缝形式的影响等。介绍了常用的地下结构抗震设计理论,对地下水池结构存在的问题和抗震设计特点进行了分析和总结,并通过一系列案例提出了设计中的注意点,可供相似工程参考。     

不同类型氢燃料电池汽车全生命周期经济性分析及预测研究

氢燃料电池汽车被认为是 21世纪具有潜力的新能源清洁动力汽车之一,影响其推广应用的最重要因素是高成本,开展全生命周期经济性分析至关重要。目前国内外学者对氢燃料电池汽车的生命周期成本评价研究主要集中于零部件成本、燃料价格等因素,而考虑国家及地方补贴政策、运维和报废成本以及不同运营里程、不同车型下经济性分析的较少。从用户的角度,通过对购置成本、运营成本、维护成本、回收残值、补能和抗寒影响以及国家和地方补贴等多种因素进行综合分析,建立全生命周期成本模型,针对乘用车、客车和卡车等不同车型,分场景开展经济性成本评价,将其与传统燃油汽车和纯电动汽车的经济性进行对比分析。面向未来,作出经济性预测,并提出一系列对策建议。     

工况驾驶规范性及客观评价指标相关性的试验研究

通过引入驾驶评价指标和制动压力的控制及其要求规范了驾驶行为,为提高测试的准确性以及可重复性提供了保障。利用8名具有多年底盘测功机驾驶经验的驾驶员及两台轻型汽油车,在底盘测功机上开展了大量的新欧洲驾驶循环测试 （New European Driving Cycle,NEDC） 和全球轻型车统一循环测试 （Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle,WLTC）,并以10 Hz为采样频率连续记录数据进行综合计算,得到驾驶评价指标结果。通过相关性分析,认定驾驶风格对油门扰动性的影响在 NEDC工况下比在 WLTC工况下的更大,主因是驾驶员在稳定工况下拥有更多的自由度。对于NEDC工况,可以通过设定IWR及EER限值来实现规范驾驶;对于WLTC工况,可以通过设定IWR和RMSSE限值来实现规范驾驶。此外,通过限制工况驾驶过程中的最大制动压力还为规范驾驶提供了有效途径。不仅为降低不同驾驶员对燃料消耗量测试的影响提供了参考,在我国汽车领域实现“双碳”目标的背景下,也为乘用车碳排放大数据采集的准确性提供了借鉴。