U71 Mn 50 kg·m-1普通碳素钢钢轨疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验研究

根据室内对U71Mn50kg·m-1普通碳素钢钢轨按三点弯曲标准进行的试验,测定该钢轨的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,即裂纹扩展深度a及其对应的循环次数N值。利用中值法求得裂纹扩展深度对循环次数的微分值。根据断裂理论求得相应的裂纹前沿应力强度因子幅度ΔK。根据Paris公式,对以上两值取自然对数进行线性回归分析,确定该公式中U71Mn50kg·m-1普通碳素钢钢轨疲劳裂纹扩展速率的两个材料常数C为3 8771×10-12,m为3 6343。     

A vehicle type-based approach to model car following behaviors in simulation programs (case study: Car-motorcycle following behavior)

Traffic simulation models often neglect the important role of motorcycles and assume a flow of various combinations of cars. This paper addresses how much different would be the behavior of a car driver while following a motorcyclist compared to cases in which a car follows another car, along with a segment of an urban highway in the non-congested flow. Recognition of such a difference might help to develop existing simulation models and to improve the behavior of car drivers in such a way to lead to lower accidents with motorcycles. To reach the goal, a GHR (Gazis-Herman-Rothery) model for car following is applied and data have been collected by video cameras during 15?min time intervals in three different days. Analysis of 198 car-motorcycle and 374 car-car following observations has indicated that when a car driver follows a motorcycle, keeps a higher headway (about 10?m in the low speed) with a lower acceleration/deceleration in comparison with the situation in which car driver follow another one. It means that the behavior of the follower car driver would be more cautious compared to situations in which a car driver follows another one, especially in space headways <10?m. In addition to main findings of the paper for developing a more realistic simulation program, the paper also addresses that in cases when the required safe space between a car and a motorcycle would be endangered, a warning message could be generated for the car driver (by implementing an in-veh ITS technology) to warn driver about keeping a safe distance.     

机械零部件拆卸的原则和常用方法探讨

机械零部件的拆卸是机械设备维护和修理的必不可少的环节,本文对机械零部件拆卸原则和方法进行了全面的的探讨,所得结论具有很强的实用性。     

大功率半导体激光相变硬化U74钢轨的实验研究

使用自主研制的新型高光束质量大功率半导体激光器对U74钢轨进行相变硬化,并对硬化结果进行分析。分析结果表明,经过半导体激光处理后的表面区域晶粒结构明显细化,硬化层硬度HV0/20可以达到800~900,比基体硬度提高3~4倍,沿半导体激光器光斑的不同轴向扫描对硬化层有很大影响,沿慢轴方向扫描得到的硬化层深度要远高于快轴方向的硬化层深度,硬度沿深度方向在过渡区附近迅速下降至基体硬度。实验表明,慢轴方向的相变硬化效率约为快轴方向的4倍。     

The effect of plastic constraint on the initiation of ductile tears in shipbuilding structural steels

In this paper, the effect of plastic constraint on the initiation of ductile tears in four different shipbuilding structural steels has been experimentally studied by measuring the J-integral and crack opening displacement COD at initiation in three-point bend specimens with deep and shallow notches. Experimental results of seven groups of different strength alloy steels show that both Si and Ji values of ductile tear from the shallow crack specimens which have less constraint flow field are significantly higher than those of deeply notched specimens. Slip-line-field analysis shows that, for shallow crack, the hydrostatic stress is lower than that from standard deeply cracked bend specimen, which develops a high level of crack tip constraint, provides a lower bound estimate of toughness, and will ensure an unduly conservative approach when applied to structural defects, especially if initiation values of COD and J-integral are used.     

铁路桥梁护轮轨螺旋道钉断裂分析

铁路桥梁自使用钢筋混凝土桥枕后，出现了许多令工务部门棘手的病害，护轮轨螺旋道钉大量折断便是其中之一，本文通过建立力学分析模型和理论计算，对道钉断裂的原因进行了分析和研究，提出了减少道钉断裂的对策措施。     

新型摩托车支架锁的设计

摩托车的防盗措施很多，安装摩托车车锁就是其中之一，但该方法并不方便，特别是短时间停车，锁车、开锁特别麻烦。新型摩托车支架锁设计，充分利用了摩托车上的现有结构，利用点火开关作为车锁开关，利用车架和支架作为车锁两部分的载体，对摩托车改动较小，使用安全，操作方便，防盗性能好。     

A review of the effect of a/W ratio on fracture toughness (I) —experimental investigation in EPFM

1INTRODUCTION Crackopeningdisplacement(COD)andtheJ in tegralastwoimportantfracture characterizingparame tersinelastic plasticfracturemechanics,arealready welldevelopedandusedinindustrialapplications.However,deeplycrackedstandardlaboratory specimenwhichhasahighlevelofconstraintmaynot alwaysberepresentativeofthosefoundinstructural components.Structuralcomponentsoftenexhibitcom parativelyshallowandsurface breaking,andtheplas ticflowassociatedwiththemreachesthesurfaceofthe component.Inthisca…     

船体结构腐蚀疲劳问题以及数值计算方法

船体或者内部高强脆性材料在腐蚀环境中的破坏问题已受广泛关注,其中涉及破坏机理的研究屡见报道,但相关的数值计算研究方法目前还屈指可数,文章在介绍各种破坏机理的基础上,从数值计算方法研究的角度阐述了最近几十年中的研究进展以及作者在该领域所取得的前沿性的成果,并指出了无网格有限元计算方法将在这个研究领域扮演重要角色.     

运用二阶摄动方法预测焊接点疲劳微弯裂纹的路径发展

利用二阶摄动方法分析研究了轻微弯曲疲劳裂纹尖端应力强度因子的变化幅度,进一步得到了在循环载荷下直线裂纹微弯延伸尖端应力强度因子变化幅值的近似表达式.以匹配渐进扩张的形式考虑了远区域边界条件的效果,研究了裂尖附近的渐进应力场.利用Irwin公式计算出了由于裂纹发展而引起的应变能释放率变化幅值.预测了在具有非均匀断裂韧度的物质中裂纹的延伸.考虑了循环载荷、残余应力,以及由于焊接而引起的物质衰变等因素,利用了二阶摄动方法预测了沿着焊接点传播的弹脆性裂纹路径.