桩-土-结构相互作用对大跨度连续刚架钢桁拱桥地震响应影响研究

以广州新光大桥为例,研究软弱分层土、较软分层土、较硬分层土和岩石地基与群桩相互作用下大跨度连续刚架钢桁拱桥动力特性以及地震响应。研究表明在各种地震时程激励下,不同地基土对大跨度连续刚架钢桁拱桥拱肋以及V形刚架的内力和位移影响很大。随着地基土刚度的增加,在横桥向、顺桥向和竖向地震激励下,主拱肋和边拱肋上弦杆、V形刚架靠边跨斜腿轴力基本呈递减趋势,而V形刚架面内和面外弯矩随地基土刚度变化的规律性不强。     

非一致地震激励下大跨度斜拉桥空间响应分析

基于二维相干非一致激励功率谱模型，采用随机过程理论关于幅值、相位与功率谱的关系式，根据场地地震危险性评价和设计地震动参数合成人工地震波，考虑波动传播效应和多点激励效应，分析了某座跨长江的大跨度斜拉桥在地震激励下的空间非线性响应特性，计算了桥梁结构关键部位在地震力作用下的响应特性，并与一致激励下对应响应量进行比较。认为非一致激励下大跨斜拉桥关键部位的某些响应粱大幅增加。反应了进行非一致响应分析的必要性。     

Short-term Hourly Traffic Forecasts using Hong Kong Annual Traffic Census

The need for acquiring the current-year traffic data is a problem for transport planners since such data may not be available for on-going transport studies. A method is proposed in this paper to predict hourly traffic flows up to and into the near future, using historical data collected from the Hong Kong Annual Traffic Census (ATC). Two parametric and two non-parametric models have been employed and evaluated in this study. The results show that the non-parametric models (Non-Parametric Regression (NPR) and Gaussian Maximum Likelihood (GML)) were more promising for predicting hourly traffic flows at the selected ATC station. Further analysis encompassing 87 ATC stations revealed that the NPR is likely to react to unexpected changes more effectively than the GML method, while the GML model performs better under steady traffic flows. Taking into consideration the dynamic nature of the common traffic patterns in Hong Kong and the advantages/disadvantages of the various models, the NPR model is recommended for predicting the hourly traffic flows in that region.     

声全息方法识别汽车运动噪声

本文提出利用声全息原理，对运动状态下的汽车噪声源进行识别的方法，它能够用来分析汽车在高速运动过程中发动机的噪声，轮胎噪声和空气动力学噪声，通过低速和高速实验表明该方法是一种有效的方法，能够快速，准确识别运动车辆的噪声。     

采用暗挖法实施的中心城区换乘车站方案研究

现依托贵阳市轨道交通3号线一期工程北京路站,研究中心城区采用暗挖法实施的换乘车站方案。通过研究,在有条件情况下换乘方式采用十字换乘。根据客流预测核算,站台宽度为15.5 m;结合设备限界、管线敷设、施工误差等要求,车站净宽为22.8 m,为大跨度车站。当中心城区车站施工的变形控制要求高,暗挖车站断面跨度大时,可采取中洞法施工。可通过数值模拟,对暗挖结构初支及二衬进行受力分析,并且通过计算可以发现:当采取一定的初支措施时,中洞法对变形控制能够起一定的作用;通过暗挖断面优化、全包防水及接缝防水加强,来确保暗挖车站的防水质量;中洞法暗挖车站结构型式可以满足抗震要求。     

Global cutting-path optimization considering the minimum heat effect with microgenetic algorithms

This article considers microgenetic algorithms (GAs), which explore in a small population with a few genetic operators, for cutting-path optimization problems. The major difference between GAs and simple genetic algorithms (SGAs) is how to make a reproductive plan for an improved searching technique because of population choice. It is shown that GAs implementation reaches the near-optimal region much earlier than the SGAs approach, and the GAs give a better solution than simulated annealing (SA). The main objective was to determine what temperature distribution can be obtained from the solution of a travelling distributed heat source. The solution of the travelling heat source on nested raw plate provides information about the vertices of each nested part of the raw plate. From the fact that the initial temperature at a piercing point strongly depends on the heat flow which stems from the previous cutting contour, the temperature of all piercing points must be lower than the critical temperature after each cutting of the components of a part. The critical temperature is identified as the mechanical melting temperature of steels. A heuristic back-tracking method is introduced to find the near-optimum cutting path considering the minimum heat effect on deformation. The heuristic back-tracking method is incorporated with the GAs.     

电气化公路技术研究

交通是能源消纳的重要领域，其对社会能源结构的调整和节能减排具有重要的影响和带动作用。在陆路交通方面，轨道交通和小型客运车辆的电气化发展方向相对清晰，而公路货运尚无明确的技术路线。为充分利用清洁能源，减少化石能源在交通领域中的使用，发展并推广电气化公路技术，对重载卡车的蓄电池、燃料电池、混合动力3种电气化方案进行对比分析，结合卡车负载的特点，对不同电气化方案进行评估。研究融合新能源发电及并网、混合动力技术、智能驾驶技术的电气化公路技术，从车辆动力技术、供电线路、受电弓与计费、新能源并网、编组智能驾驶运行5个方面对电气化公路方案进行介绍，可以实现公路货运系统的绿色、安全、高效运行。以10公里线路电气化为例，进行规划和成本估算，构建单车和区域（或路段）电气化的运营成本计算模型，基于燃油消耗和阻力分析2种方法进行计算。对车辆购置及改装、基础设施建设、可再生能源发电、系统环保效益等4个方面进行技术分析与成本测算。从供能技术变革、商业模式和推广路线3个角度对电气化公路技术的未来推广进行论证展望。研究结果表明：电气化公路技术的应用与规模化能够带来巨大的经济与环境收益，其中的混合动力方案与架空线输电方案为面对未来可能的储能技术变革与无线输电普及打下重要的基础，提供了拓展空间，也是重载货车实现智能驾驶的重要步骤；与燃油驱动相比，电驱动百公里成本减少96元，单一重卡年运营成本减少18.8万元，百公里污染物（如：碳氧化物、氮氧化物等）均减少50%以上。     

浅谈基于无线的车-地通信系统

基于无线的CBTC列控系统代表了城市轨道交通信号系统的发展方向。介绍基于无线CBTC列控系统的基本原理,及广佛线实现车-地通信的方式和构成无线系统的车载设备及轨旁设备,分析基于无线的车-地通信方式的优点及不足。     

CZARA of 1990: A Critical Time for Coastal Management

To appreciate the present, sometimes you need to reflect on the past and wonder “what if?” This is one of those times. In recognition of the 40th anniversary of the Coastal Zone Management Act and acknowledgment of the dedication of the program's practitioners, it is important to note that the successful implementation of the Nation's primary coastal law has depended, and will continue to depend, on its legitimacy and institutionalization in the political culture of the country. Today, the national coastal management program, while underfunded and, in recent years, subject to wavering political support, has nevertheless reached a certain level of stability to safeguard the country's coastal resources. It is fitting, therefore, in this special issue of Coastal Management to recall a time when the future of the CZMA was in serious doubt.     

土-结构相互作用的桥梁多尺度建模与分析

考虑土-结构相互作用(SSI)是地震激励下桥梁抗震性能评估的热难点之一.由于考虑土体影响多而建立的结构模型计算耗时极长,为了提高效率,现采用一致多尺度建模方法,将所研究部位建为实体单元,其他部位建为梁单元,单元之间采用适当的方法进行界面连接,保证宏观、精细单元间的变形协调,并对某一桥梁进行分析,验证了该方法的正确性.在此基础上,基于多尺度建模方法,建立三跨连续梁桥模型,对其进行弹塑性时程分析,对比分析考虑SSI和不考虑SSI效应的桥梁模型在地震激励下的响应结果,研究SSI效应对桥梁抗震性能的影响.结果表明:多尺度建模方法可以在保证计算精度的前提下有效地提高计算效率;考虑SSI效应能够有效地降低桥梁的抗震性能需求.因此,在设计时应加以考虑.