Urban single-lane roundabouts: A new analytical approach using multi-criteria and simultaneous multi-objective optimization of geometry design,efficiency and safety

Building safe and effective roundabouts requires optimizing traffic (operational) efficiency (TE) and traffic safety (TS) while taking into account geometric factors, traffic characteristics and local constraints. Most existing simulation-based optimization models do not simultaneously optimize all these factors. To capture the relationship among geometry, efficiency and safety, we put forward a model formulation in this paper. We present a new multi-criteria and simultaneous multi-objective optimization (MOO) model approach to optimize geometry, TE and TS of urban unsignalized single-lane roundabouts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model that uses the multi-criteria decision-making method known as analytic hierarchy process to evaluate and rank traffic parameters and geometric elements of urban single-lane roundabouts. The model was built based on comprehensive review of the research literature and existing roundabout simulation software, a field survey of 61 civil and traffic expert engineers in Croatia, and field studies of roundabouts in the Croatian capital city of Zagreb. We started from the basis of Kimber’s capacity model, HCM2010 serviceability model, and Maycock and Hall's accident prediction model, which we extended by adding sensitivity analysis and powerful MOO procedures of the bounded objective function method and interactive optimization. Preliminary validation of the model was achieved by identifying the optimal and most robust of three geometric alternatives (V.1-V.3) for an unsignalized single-lane roundabout in Zagreb, Croatia. The geometric parameters in variant V.1 had significantly higher values than in the existing design V.0, while approaches 1 and 3 in variant V.2 were enlarged as much as possible within allowed spatial limits and Croatian guidelines, reflecting their higher traffic demand. Sensitivity analysis indicated that variant V.2 showed the overall highest TE and TS across the entire range of traffic flow demand and pedestrian crossing flow demand at approaches. At the same time, the number of predicted traffic accidents was similar for all three variants, although it was lowest overall for V.2. The similarity in predicted accident frequency for the three variants suggests that V.2 provides the greatest safety within the predefined constraints and parameter ranges explored in our study. These preliminary results suggest that the proposed model can optimize geometry, TE and TS of urban single-lane roundabouts.     

一种简易毫伏表的设计及应用

以EM78P259N为基础制作一款针对小信号测量的低成本工具。充分利用EM78P259N丰富的内设,并结合一定的数学处理,使这款毫伏表能较为准确地进行小电压的测量。     

Dynamic demand estimation and prediction for traffic urban networks adopting new data sources

Nowadays, new mobility information can be derived from advanced traffic surveillance systems that collect updated traffic measurements, both in fixed locations and over specific corridors or paths. Such recent technological developments point to challenging and promising opportunities that academics and practitioners have only partially explored so far.The paper looks at some of these opportunities within the Dynamic Demand Estimation problem (DDEP). At first, data heterogeneity, accounting for different sets of data providing a wide spatial coverage, has been investigated for the benefit of off-line demand estimation. In an attempt to mimic the current urban networks monitoring, examples of complex real case applications are being reported where route travel times and route choice probabilities from probe vehicles are exploited together with common link traffic measurements.Subsequently, on-line detection of non-recurrent conditions is being recorded, adopting a sequential approach based on an extension of the Kalman Filter theory called Local Ensemble Transformed Kalman Filter (LETKF).Both the off-line and the on-line investigations adopt a simulation approach capable of capturing the highly nonlinear dependence between the travel demand and the traffic measurements through the use of dynamic traffic assignment models. Consequently, the possibility of using collected traffic information is enhanced, thus overcoming most of the limitations of current DDEP approaches found in the literature.     

A data model applied to the knowledge-based ICAS

Image-guided computer aided surgery system (ICAS) contributes to safeness and success of surgery operations by means of displaying anatomical structures and showing correlative information to surgeons in the process of operation. Based on analysis of requirements for ICAS, a new concept of clinical knowledge-based ICAS was proposed. Designing a reasonable data structure model is essential for realizing this new concept. The traditional data structure is limited in expressing and reusing the clinical knowledge such as locating an anatomical object, topological relations of anatomical objects and correlative clinical attributes. A data structure model called mixed adjacency lists by octree-path-chain (MALOC) was outlined, which can combine patient's images with clinical knowledge, as well as efficiently locate the instrument and search the objects' information. The efficiency of data structures was analyzed and experimental results were given in comparison to other traditional data structures. The result of the nasal surgery experiment proves that MALOC is a proper model for clinical knowledge-based ICAS that has advantages in not only locating the operative instrument precisely but also proving surgeons with real-time operation-correlative information. It is shown that the clinical knowledge-based ICAS with MALOC model has advantages in terms of safety and success of surgical operations, and help in accurately locating the operative instrument and providing operation-correlative knowledge and information to surgeons in the process of operations.     

刀豆蛋白A条件化培养基对体外培养的兔角膜内皮细胞生长的影响

目的研究刀豆蛋白A(concanavalin A,ConA)条件化培养基对体外培养的兔角膜内皮细胞(rabbit corneal endothelial cells,RCECs)生长的影响。方法采用揭取后弹力层及内皮细胞联合组织块法进行RCECs的体外原代培养,分别用含有体积分数为5%、10%、15%、20%ConA的活化大鼠脾细胞条件上清液的RPMI1640培养基进行RCECs原代培养,并用含10%(体积分数)胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)的RPMI1640培养基作为对照。神经烯醇化酶免疫组织化学染色法进行细胞鉴定;噻唑蓝比色法观察各组RCECs生长的状况;SPSS11.0One-way ANOVA及LSD检验进行统计分析。结果成功进行了RCECs的体外培养,培养细胞内神经烯醇化酶阳性表达。ConA条件化培养基各组细胞增殖均高于对照组(P<0.001),且10%、15%ConA条件化培养基组的RCECs细胞数量明显高于其他各实验组(P<0.001)。结论ConA条件化培养基具有促进RCECs生长的作用,可作为培养辅佐剂。     

采用变化基本体的授课方法以提高教学效果

在《机械（工程）制图》教学中,学生对基本体的变化及其在实际中的应用难以理解,文中介绍提高基本体教学效果的方法。     

The role of interleukin-8 produced by tumor induced fibroblasts in the development of cutaneous melanoma

Objective To determine the role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) produced by tumor induced fibroblasts in the development of cutaneous melanoma. Methods B16 melanoma cells induced L929 fibroblasts phenotype was transdifferentiated to myofibroblasts (MF) by co-culture in vitro. MF was monitored by morphology and immunophenotype for a-SMA. The level of IL-8 was detected by ELISA. The effect on B16 cell proliferation rate was estimated using MIT method in vitro. Melanoma implanting model was constructed in C57 mice. Results L929 MF phenotype could be modulated by B16 melanoma cells-derived transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and elevated the levels of IL-8. L929 MF did not influence the B16 melanoma cells viability in vitro, but shortened the time of tumor formation and increased the incidence rates of tumors in C57 implanting model mice. Conclusion Fibroblasts can be activated by tumor cells and produce IL-8, which acts as an inflammatory cytokine promoting the development of cutaneous melanoma.     

改进不等时距GM模型在施工控制中的应用

刚构桥施工过程中应力变化复杂,影响因素多,较难预测把握应力发展趋势,实测应力缺失时,单一使用GM(1,1)模型预测精度低,对原始应力数据要求苛刻.文章改进了不等时距GM(1,1)模型,结合罗天乐特大桥工程进行验证,结果表明,改进不等时距GM(1,1)模型在刚构桥施工应力预测中具有较好的适用性和较高的预测精度.     

转化生长因子-β_1抗体对人翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增殖及TGF-β_1-Smad4信号转导通路的影响

目的探讨转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)抗体对体外培养的翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增殖的抑制作用及对TGF-β1-Smad4信号转导通路的影响,评估其在翼状胬肉发病机制中的作用。方法人翼状胬肉切除后,体外培养其成纤维细胞并传至4~6代时,分别用6.25、12.5、25、50mg/mL TGF-β1抗体处理24、48、72h,采用MTT法检测成纤维细胞的生长抑制率,RT-PCR检测TGF-β1mRNA表达,Western blot检测Smad4蛋白的表达。所得数据采用SPSS19.0统计软件处理。结果 TGF-β1抗体可不同程度抑制成纤维细胞的增殖;TGF-β1抗体处理组TGF-β1mRNA的表达明显低于对照组,且不同浓度组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),随着浓度增大和作用时间延长,TGF-β1抗体处理组TGF-β1 mRNA的表达量呈逐渐降低趋势。不同浓度的TGF-β1抗体对Smad4的蛋白表达具有明显增强作用,且各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TGF-β1抗体对人翼状胬肉体外培养的成纤维细胞生长具有明显抑制作用,其可能通过调节TGF-β1和Smad4的表达而实现。     

吸烟和β3-肾上腺素能受体基因Trp64Arg、锰超氧化物歧化酶9Ala/Val基因多态性与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的相关性

目的探讨吸烟和β3-肾上腺素能受体(β3-AR))基因Trp64Arg、锰超氧化物歧化酶9Ala/Val(MnSOD9Ala/Val)基因多态性与非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)发病之间的关系。方法采用病例-对照研究的方法,以720例NAFLD患者及720例健康对照者的外周血白细胞为样本,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术分析β3-AR基因Trp64Arg和MnSOD9Ala/Val基因多态性。结果β3-AR基因Trp64Arg(A/A)基因型和MnSOD9Ala/Val(V/V)基因型频率分布分别为39.4%、71.7%(病例组)和21.1%、43.3%(对照组),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01;P<0.01)。Trp64Arg(A/A)基因型者患NAFLD的风险显著增加(OR=2.434,95%CI=1.816~4.075)。MnSOD9Ala/Val(V/V)基因型者患NAFLD的风险也显著增加(OR=3.308,95%CI=1.913~4.509)。基因突变的协同分析发现,Trp64Arg(A/A)/MnSOD9Ala/Val(V/V)基因型者在NAFLD组和对照组中的分布频率分别为32.8%和6.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Trp64Arg(A/A)/MnSOD9Ala/Val(V/V)基因型者患NAFLD的风险显著增加(OR=9.753,95%CI=4.292~12.426)。病例组的吸烟率显著高于对照组(OR=2.623,95%CI=1.425~4.957),Trp64Arg(A/A)/MnSOD9Ala/Val(V/V)基因型与吸烟有协同作用(OR=33.764,95%CI=18.907~61.582)。结论 Trp64Arg(A/A)/MnSOD9Ala/Val(V/V)基因型和吸烟是NAFLD的易患因素,三者的联合在NAFLD的发生中起着协同的作用。