自升式钻井平台方案评价指标体系及评价方法研究(英文)

本文对白升式钻井平台的方案评价指标体系和评价方法进行了研究,提出了一套适用于自升式钻井平台的方案评价指标体系,并采用改进的灰关联分析法进行平台方案的优选,初步分析和计算实例表明,该评价指标体系和评价方法是适用和可靠的.通过对联分析方法进行改进,建立了适用于自升式钻井平台方案选优的灰关联多目标综合评价模型,该模型在灰关联分析的基础上引进层次分析法计算各指标的权重值,既在一定程度上考虑了设计方案各指标间的关联性,反应了事物的客观本质,又能体现船东的主观偏好和设计者的设计需要.同时该方案评价指标体系和评价方法具有拓展性,可应用于其它类型的移动式平台,作为方案选择时的参考依据.     

Numerical simulations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation based on re-tensile plastic zone generating load criterion for in-plane gusset welded joints

Many accidents are caused by fatigue in welded built-up steel structures, and so it is important to estimate the fatigue lives of such structures quantitatively for safety reasons. By assuming that fatigue cracks cannot grow without an accumulation of alternating tensile/compressional plastic strain, one of the authors identified an improved effective stress intensity factor range ΔK _RPG based on the re-tensile plastic zone generating (RPG) load, which represents the driving force for fatigue cracks, and suggested that ΔK _RPG should be used as the parameter to describe fatigue crack growth behavior. The “FLARP” numerical simulation code in which ΔK _RPG is implemented as the fatigue crack growth parameter, was developed in order to predict fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. In this paper, it is demonstrated that FLARP gives accurate estimates for fatigue life by comparing the estimated fatigue crack growth curves and S–N curves with the experimental results for in-plane gusset welded joints, which are used in many welded steel structures. Moreover, the effect of induced bending moment due to the linear misalignment in the out of plane direction on the fatigue strength of in-plane gusset welded joints is investigated through numerical simulations.     

液化石油气(LPG)汽车的优点及存在的问题

液化石油气（英文缩写为LPG）做为一种新型的能源,可以有效地治理汽车尾气污染．改善大气环境。本文阐述了LPG汽车的优点及工作中存在的若干问题,并提出解决办法。     

应用框架的设计及安全管理构件的实现

框架实现了代码重用、设计重用、以及分析重用,从而大幅度降低了开发的成本,提高了生产效率和产品质量。因此,对框架的研究和实践越来越引起学术界和产业界的高度重视。本文通过对某电网调度系统的深入调研,利用领域工程知识,设计了一个基于J2EE平台的综合应用框架,并实现了部分功能。     

Efficient missing data imputing for traffic flow by considering temporal and spatial dependence

The missing data problem remains as a difficulty in a diverse variety of transportation applications, e.g. traffic flow prediction and traffic pattern recognition. To solve this problem, numerous algorithms had been proposed in the last decade to impute the missed data. However, few existing studies had fully used the traffic flow information of neighboring detecting points to improve imputing performance. In this paper, probabilistic principle component analysis (PPCA) based imputing method, which had been proven to be one of the most effective imputing methods without using temporal or spatial dependence, is extended to utilize the information of multiple points. We systematically examine the potential benefits of multi-point data fusion and study the possible influence of measurement time lags. Tests indicate that the hidden temporal–spatial dependence is nonlinear and could be better retrieved by kernel probabilistic principle component analysis (KPPCA) based method rather than PPCA method. Comparison proves that imputing errors can be notably reduced, if temporal–spatial dependence has been appropriately considered.     

The visual impact of development in coastal zone areas

Abstract

The focus of this paper is theoretical, as well as methodological. It reviews previous studies of visual impact and reports research by the author on people's evaluation of the appropriateness of different man‐made facilities in different coastal‐area contexts and other environments. In this study, subjects were asked to react to slides developed through the use of landscape models and experimental facilities to simulate the appearance of a building in the landscape, while systematically varying the visual relatedness between the two. Specific interest centered on the variable of congruity vs. contrast between the appearance of the building and its landscape context, manipulated by co‐varying the attributes of color and size to create a five‐point scale of contrast/obtrusiveness. The hypothesis was that judgments of appropriateness, and to a lesser extent judgments of liking, would vary inversely with level of contrast. The role of two further variables, the functional significance of the building in its setting, and the character of the setting itself, was also investigated. The author reviews methodological issues involved where subjects respond to visual stimuli for purposes of judging change in visual quality. These methodological issues include: stimulus‐selection and problems of simulation, choice of response measures, and choice of respondents, and the treatment of individual differences. The author calls for development of standardized scales and indices such as “perceptually‐relevant environmental quality indicators.”     

Short-term forecasting of high-speed rail demand: A hybrid approach combining ensemble empirical mode decomposition and gray support vector machine with real-world applications in China

Short-term forecasting of high-speed rail (HSR) passenger flow provides daily ridership estimates that account for day-to-day demand variations in the near future (e.g., next week, next month). It is one of the most critical tasks in high-speed passenger rail planning, operational decision-making and dynamic operation adjustment. An accurate short-term HSR demand prediction provides a basis for effective rail revenue management. In this paper, a hybrid short-term demand forecasting approach is developed by combining the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and grey support vector machine (GSVM) models. There are three steps in this hybrid forecasting approach: (i) decompose short-term passenger flow data with noises into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a trend term; (ii) predict each IMF using GSVM calibrated by the particle swarm optimization (PSO); (iii) reconstruct the refined IMF components to produce the final predicted daily HSR passenger flow, where the PSO is also applied to achieve the optimal refactoring combination. This innovative hybrid approach is demonstrated with three typical origin–destination pairs along the Wuhan-Guangzhou HSR in China. Mean absolute percentage errors of the EEMD-GSVM predictions using testing sets are 6.7%, 5.1% and 6.5%, respectively, which are much lower than those of two existing forecasting approaches (support vector machine and autoregressive integrated moving average). Application results indicate that the proposed hybrid forecasting approach performs well in terms of prediction accuracy and is especially suitable for short-term HSR passenger flow forecasting.     

GTM法在公路沥青路面施工中的应用研究

结合GTM法技术在河北省张石高速公路中的实践应用,介绍GTM法的设计原理、施工工艺和质量控制体系,尤其是对施工过程质量控制点和沥青路面最大密实度标准的研究分析,有效地降低了工程施工费用,提高了路面的服务寿命。     

连续梁桥跨河施工支架研究

主要研究了采用装配式公路钢桥桁架(通常称为贝雷架)做为支架进行连续梁桥现浇箱梁混凝土的施工方法;研究了跨河施工支架的技术方案,特别是施工支架在桥墩上的刚性斜撑,同时结合现场试验研究了施工支架的分析计算方法及变形。研究表明,采用装配式公路钢桥桁架解决跨河预应力混凝土连续梁现浇混凝土施工支架问题是有效的。     

杭州湾跨海大桥高墩区引桥箱梁设计

杭州湾跨海大桥高墩区引桥是连接航道桥和低墩区引桥的桥梁,按其所处位置分为4段,分别是南航道桥南、北引桥和北航道桥南、北引桥,均采用70 m整孔预制吊装的预应力混凝土连续箱梁结构。