汽车动力传动系扭振的固有特性和结构修改控制措施分析

本文首先建立了一种FR式汽车动力传动系扭振的多自由度分析模型,据此对其扭振固有特性进行了较详细的计算分析。然后对适用于动力传动系扭振噪声控制的各种可能的结构修改(即扭转刚度、转动惯量和扭振阻尼)措施分别进行了模拟计算分析。这些分析结果对于FR式汽车具有典型意义。     

弹性车轮动力学复合模型及其性能研究

为深入研究轻轨车辆弹性车轮的动力学作用,基于压剪复合型弹性车轮的结构,在弹性车轮动力学传统模型的基础上,综合考虑弹性车轮轮芯相对于轮毂的6个自由度,建立弹性车轮动力学复合模型。利用多体动力学软件SIMPACK进行仿真计算,对比分析传统模型和复合模型下弹性车轮车辆以及刚性车轮车辆的临界速度、平稳性、曲线通过性能和轮轨磨耗等指标。结果表明:由于传统模型未考虑车轮与车轴之间的偏转刚度和轮对两车轮之间的扭转刚度,因此计算误差较大;采用复合模型得到的弹性车轮车辆的临界速度、运行平稳性指标,以及通过小半径曲线时的轮轨横向力、轮轴横向力、脱轨系数、轮重减载率等较刚性车轮车辆都有不同程度的降低;弹性车轮车辆的轮轨磨耗情况在直线通过时与刚性车轮车辆的相似,而曲线通过时相比刚性车轮车辆降低了约5.3%。     

深圳地铁11号线橡胶弹簧浮置板轨道动力仿真及测试

深圳地铁11号线是国内首次采用橡胶弹簧浮置板轨道的地铁线路。为确保该种浮置板结构的安全性、检验其减振效果,有必要针对其动力学特性进行全面的仿真和测试。首先,通过模态分析、谐响应分析考察其固有频率、振动传递特性;然后建立车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,对其减振效果、动态位移进行仿真模拟;最后通过实车测试,全面检测其减振效果、动态位移,以及轮轨力、脱轨系数、轮重减载率等各项动力学指标。相关理论分析及实测结果表明:橡胶弹簧浮置板固有频率为10. 5 Hz,可明显削弱频率在18 Hz以上的振动,其减振效果达13～15 d B,满足设计要求;轮轨垂向力、轮轨横向力均略小于同等条件下的普通整体道床;脱轨系数、轮重减载率均满足规范要求。以上理论研究和实践表明:橡胶弹簧浮置板结构安全、减振效果好,各项动力学指标优良,是一种较为理想的轨道减振设施。     

公路绿化设计要与公路自身特点和自然环境协调一致

论述了新时期公路绿化美化设计新概念,重点阐述了公路绿化美化与公路自身特点和自然环境相协调的重要性,突出了和谐绿化、综合绿化的功能和效果,对提高公路绿化水平起到了积极推动作用。     

The cost of convenience; Air pollution and noise on freeway and arterial light rail station platforms in Los Angeles

Light rail transit (LRT) systems constitute one of the most sustainable public transportation modes and transit agencies have increasingly constructed LRT lines along the median of roadways to reduce land acquisition costs and traffic conflicts. Despite these conveniences, few studies have examined the air pollution and noise exposures for passengers on LRT station platforms within freeway or arterial medians. In response, we monitored particle number count (PNC) concentrations and noise levels on 17 station platforms in the Los Angeles metro system in summer 2012 and assessed differences between freeway and arterial platforms. We visited each station on average 7 times for approximately 19 min with two teams carrying a full set of instruments. As expected, impacts were higher on green line platforms in the center of a grade-separated freeway compared to blue line platforms in the center of an arterial due to being in close proximity to greater traffic volumes. Overall, freeway-arterial platform differences were 35,100 versus 20,000 particles/cm³ for PNC and 83 versus 62 dBA for noise. This average noise intensity on green line platforms was four times that on blue line stations. We also found that PNC concentrations were significantly higher at open air monitoring platform positions compared to standing under a shade canopy (about 2000 particles/cm³ higher), but that noise levels were significantly lower at open air positions compared to under canopy positions (about 3.2 dBA lower). Results identify important factors for transport planners to consider when locating and designing in-roadway LRT platforms.     

先张法U形梁快速施工与机械设备配套技术

为满足合同工期紧迫的要求,使1232片U形梁达到快速预制、运输和架设的目的,从施工方案和资源配置着手,紧紧围绕快速施工,介绍梁场的选址、梁场的布置、张拉台座的布置、模板设计、混凝土浇筑、运梁车配备以及大吨位吊车配备等技术研究等内容,采用上述技术方案,在10个月内成功完成了1232片U形梁的预制和架设施工任务,确保了合同工期。     

吉隆坡安邦轻轨轨道工程施工技术与装备研究

吉隆坡安邦轻轨延伸线轨道工程技术条件复杂,曲线多、半径小,应用城市轨道交通130 m小半径曲线无砟轨道施工技术与装备,解决无枕式130 m小半径曲线无砟轨道施工技术难题,总结小半径曲线轨排的组装工艺,实现复杂断面多规格道床模板的架设,高精度、高质量、高效率地完成安邦线轨道工程施工。     

道床板长度对减振垫轨道结构振动性能影响分析

橡胶减振垫整体道床是一种新型的减振轨道结构,然而,工程应用中,单元道床板结构长度的选择尚无明确指导性意见。采用模态分析、谐响应分析法分析不同道床板长度橡胶减振垫整体道床结构固有频率、振型及传递函数。分析表明:(1)单元道床板长度变化对道床垂弯、道床扭转振型主振频率影响较明显;(2)2.5、3.75 m单元道床轨道结构频谱幅值出现在一阶横弯振型频率,而≥5 m的道床板,其频谱幅值主要出现在道床沉浮振型对应频率附近;(3)减振垫整体道床频谱曲线幅值随着道床单元结构长度的增加而大幅减小;(4)当单元道床结构长度≥5 m时,频响幅值随单元长度变化不大。     

Real-world gaseous and particle emissions of a Bi-fuel gasoline/CNG Euro 6 passenger car

The objective of the present study is the assessment of the environmental impact of a bivalent (bi-fuel) vehicle, running either on gasoline or compressed natural gas (CNG). To that aim, a Euro 6 passenger car was tested under various real-world driving conditions. In order to cover the full range of conventional powertrains currently in the market, the tests were also repeated on a Euro 6 diesel passenger car. Both cars were driven in two routes, the first complying with the regulation limits and the second going beyond them. Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particle number (PN) emissions were recorded using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). Apart from the aggregated emission levels, in g/km, the exact emission location along the route was also assessed. Natural gas proved beneficial for CO and PN emissions, the level of which always remained below the respective legislation limits. On the other hand, under the dynamic driving conditions with gasoline, the relevant limits were exceeded. Cold start, occurring at the beginning of the urban part, and motorway driving were identified as major contributors to total emissions, especially in gasoline mode. However, the application of natural gas was associated with a penalty in NO_x emissions, which were significantly increased as compared to gasoline. Local peaks within the urban part were identified in CNG mode. In any case, the diesel vehicle was by far the highest NO_x emitter.     

海洋核动力平台自然冷却供冷系统节能性分析

针对海洋核动力平台示范工程运行厂址及其堆舱区供冷需求特点,为提高运行经济性,设计了利用自然冷源——海水的供冷系统,通过建立系统能耗模型,分析了不同海水温度下系统运行工况及相应的能耗和能效比。根据运行厂址实测海水温度,计算了系统优化前后全年运行能耗,并分析了节能效果,系统优化后节能15.7%。