Links between subjective and objective evaluations regarding the steering character of automobiles

This work presents an experiment on the relationships between subjective and objective evaluations of vehicle handling. Ten cars were examined objectively in several open-loop driving dynamics manoeuvres and subjectively by test persons in typical traffic situations. Results are extracted from a stationary test (the Slowly Increasing Steer Test), and a dynamical test (the Frequency Response Test). The subjective measurements are obtained from drivers on a rural road course via a questionnaire, which was developed to separately investigate the quantity level perception, the so-called “Niveau”, and the more qualitative “Liking”. These subjective “measurements” are embedded into a two-channel definition of “Steering Comfort” as a genus for “Steering Discomfort” and “Character”. The article concentrates on developing a statistical method for the consideration of correlations amongst the subjective/objective data. In doing so, the variance in example subjective Niveau ratings can be significantly explained by several objective quantities. Indicators for co-domains of validated discomfort characteristics and hints for endeavouring character Liking ranges are detected.     

Thermal design of automobile exhaust based thermoelectric generators: Objectives and challenges

The potential for thermoelectric power generation (via waste heat recovery onboard automobiles) to displace alternators and/or provide additional charging to a vehicle battery pack has increased with recent advances in thermoelectric material processing. In gasoline fueled vehicles (GFVs), about 40% of fuel energy is wasted in exhaust heat, while a smaller amount of energy (30%) is ejected through the engine coolant. Therefore, exhaust-based thermoelectric generators (ETEG) have been a focus for GFV applications since the late 1980s. The conversion efficiency of modern thermoelectric materials has increased more than three-fold in the last two decades; however, disputes as to the thermal design of ETEG systems has kept their overall efficiency at limited and insufficient values. There are many challenges in the thermal design of ETEG systems, such as increasing the efficiency of the heat exchangers (hot box and cold plate), maintaining a sufficient temperature difference across the thermoelectric modules during different operating conditions, and reducing thermal losses through the system as a whole. This paper focuses on a review of the main aspects of thermal design of ETEG systems through various investigations performed over the past twenty years. This paper is organized as follows: first, the construction of a typical ETEG is described. The heat balance and efficiency of ETEG are then discussed. Then, the third section of this paper emphasizes the main objectives and challenges for designing efficient ETEG systems. Finally, a review of ETEG research activities over the last twenty years is presented to focus on methods used by the research community to address such challenges.     

初中课堂教学评价的初步探索与反思

本文尝试对初中课堂教学评价作一点有益的探索.论文共分三部分第一部分概述课堂教学评价研究包括对教育评价的概念、理论依据和研究方法及原则进行阐述,第二部分进行对目前初中课堂教学评价存在的问题及原因分析,第三部分对初中课堂教学提出评价策略及具体实施.     

插电式混合动力汽车高电压部件设计及布置

根据整车设计要求,建立插电式双电机MG1/MG2+行星轮系混合动力汽车高电压系统方案模型。通过理论计算及工程分析确定高压电池组、高电压线缆、双电机MG1/MG2、变频器(转换器/逆变器)、空调压缩机等高电压部件的结构及关键参数。针对高电压部件布置的安全及可靠性提出建议。     

基于车载主机的新型调试工具设计

为了实现方便调试基于MST785芯片的车载主机,提出了一种基于MST785芯片和WINCE6.0系统的新型实用调试工具。该工具基于MST785芯片和WINCE6.0嵌入式系统,能够实现自动插卡运行调试工具,规律性操作调试开关和操作模式,并自动记录打印log。实际应用表明,该工具特别适用于分析导航电子产品显示异常和触摸异常的问题,并具有操作简便、节约成本、提高导航产品研发和售后的效率,达到了设计要求。     

SCR技术原理探讨

文章介绍车辆排放后处理系统-SCR(发动机排气催化净化技术)技术发展必要性及SCR技术原理。本篇文章是对SCR的一个基本介绍,SCR系统会随着车辆及发动机在硬、软件上配置的变化而发生改变。     

水下近场爆破安全控制

结合大连新港地区新建15#,16#泊位工程桥墩基槽炸礁的实际情况,介绍水下近场爆破安全控制管理问题。     

深圳地铁2号线工程再生制动能量吸收装置设置方案研究

研究目的：选择适合于深圳地铁2号线工程特点的再生制动能量吸收装置设置方案。 研究方法：针对再生制动能量吸收装置的几种设置方案，结合深圳地铁2号线工程实践，从车辆、环控、变电所、土建几个方面，分别对车载设置方案、地下变电所设置方案、地面变电所设置方案进行较为详细的分析比较。 研究结果：根据深圳地铁2号线沿线各车站现状，采用制动电阻地面通风散热的方案不具备工程可实施性，应采用车载制动电阻，并合理解决通风散热问题。 研究结论：指出了能否合理解决制动电阻的通风散热问题是本工程选择再生制动能量吸收装置设置方案的关键。     

基于软件易测试性的CBTC区域控制器系统设计

区域控制器系统是CBTC铁路运行系统中重要的一部分，对提高列车运行效率和安全起着重要的作用。首先介绍了区域控制器的工作原理和易测试性的特点，然后将易测试性方法应用于区域控制器系统的设计中。这种设计方法提高了测试效率，降低了测试成本。     

高升阻比翼型优化及其节能轴支架设计

用Eppler的叶剖面设计方法与解N-S方程相结合的方法进行水翼剖面的优化，并给出了将其应用到螺旋桨节能轴支架设计中获得的显著节能效果的试验结果，空泡试验结果也证明了这种设计方法是成功的。节能轴支架的设计思想还被推广应用到单桨船上，开发出了扇形预旋导管。