高速公路隧道入口区域视线诱导系统有效性研究

为了达到高速公路隧道入口区域驾驶人早发现、早适应、早决策的目的,分析了隧道入口区域的交通安全现状,提出了一种高速公路隧道入口区域视线诱导系统的改善思路与方法;通过室内驾驶模拟仿真平台,利用眼动仪采集了驾驶人的眼部数据;将驾驶人浏览兴趣区域划分为5类,分析了驾驶人在各区域的眼动参数变化;采用注视点分布位置、视觉敏感区面积等指标,描述了驾驶人视区的变化规律,评价了视线诱导系统改善后的效果。研究结果表明：隧道入口区域视线诱导系统改善后,驾驶人对道路前方远处的浏览时间占比(50.55%)、注视时间占比(53.13%)相比现状方案均有显著的提升,且扫视幅度(5.47°)明显减小;改善后驾驶人的注视点更加集中于前方远处,而道路两侧的注视点减少;现状方案中驾驶人的视觉敏感区面积在距离隧道洞口180 m左右处急剧减小,在隧道内又开始缓慢增大;改善后驾驶人的视觉敏感区面积在距离隧道洞口350 m左右处开始减小,此后一直保持相对平稳的状态;改善后驾驶人的视觉敏感区面积在各隧道区域的变化速度均小于现状方案。视线诱导系统的有效性得到了验证,使得驾驶人更加关注道路前方远处及洞内的交通信息,同时视区变化幅度更小,并且视觉负荷降低。     

摊铺机螺旋布料器的结构及混合料粒料在布料槽中的运动分析

运用理论力学和流体力学原理,对螺旋布料器作用下的沥青混合料粒料在摊铺机布料槽中的受力与运动进行分析,揭示粒料在布料槽中的运动机理。     

Eye-Movement Characteristics of Drivers According to Driving Experience-Relevance to Traffic Sign Legibility

An experiment was conducted to find the variability of driver eye movement according to different driving experience.An eye tracking system was used to study the regularity of driver eye movements, such as fixation duration, variations of fixation points, and the distribution of glance zone.It was found that driving experience had a significant effect on driver eye movement behavior.The percentage of fixation duration to total glance time for inexperienced drivers was 61.5%, while the percentage for experienced drivers was 50.2%.Moreover, the majority of drivers paid attention to the left region of the field of view more frequently than the central and the right regions.This study indicates that it takes inexperienced drivers more time to recognize traffic signs.The findings from this study will assist traffic engineers in designing and installing the traffic signs in an optimal way.     

基于位移剩余的最优货物运输服务分析

基于需求主导原则,突出强调位移需求本身具有的独立价值,本文以位移价值与位移成本之差衡量货运需求主体的位移剩余。以位移剩余最大化为准则揭示货运需求主体选择运输服务方式的机理,并作为最优运输服务的标准。在位移价值测度方面,将货运需求按照时效性分为3类,基于需求主体的预期利益构建相应位移价值函数。在位移成本测度方面,通过对运输价格、运输时间、可靠性、便捷性及安全性等运输服务品质要素的量化,建立位移全过程的成本函数。联立位移价值与位移成本函数,以运输服务品质要素作为核心变量,构建基于位移剩余的最优运输服务分析模型。设置仿真算例,求取不同需求主体的位移剩余曲线,分析相对应的最优运输服务方式。结果显示：模型可基于异质性的位移需求有效分析最优运输服务,并可分析潜在运输需求转化为有效需求的条件,为企业及政府制定运输供给优化策略提供理论基础。     

牙周膜牵引成骨正畸牙快速移动研究中动物模型的建立

目的　建立牙周膜牵引成骨正畸牙快速移动的动物模型 ,为其后的系列研究打下基础。方法　 6只犬 ,每只犬下颌左右两侧分别为实验侧和对照侧 ,对照侧用传统方法以第三前磨牙为支抗牙移第一前磨牙向远中 ,实验侧用自制牙周膜牵引装置。结果　实验侧牙移动显著快于对照侧 ,X线观察实验侧受牵张的牙槽骨有连续的新骨形成 ,压力侧牙槽骨和牙周膜不出现不可逆性损伤。结论　用自制的装置 ,以犬为实验对象 ,以第三前磨牙为支抗牙移第一前磨牙向远中 ,可建立科学、简单、可靠的动物模型 ,牵引的速度、频率精确可控     

涡轮式2相位平面交叉口设计研究

提出在可用面积较大的交叉口运用涡旋式交通组织方案。通过将左转车道移至交叉口进口道外侧和二次停车的方式,改变左转机动车在交叉口实现转向的位置,使其转化为另1个方向的直行机动车,减少左转机动车在交叉口产生冲突点,从而提高交叉口通行能力并减少延误。对交叉口涡轮式交通组织原理进行了介绍,并通过实例分析对比了进行涡轮式交通组织方案改造前后的交通效益指标。结果表明,运用涡轮式交叉口设计后,交叉口通行能力得到大大提高,车均延误明显减少。     

季节冻土区挡土墙抗冻结构设计方法

根据我国近年来挡土墙抗冻技术研究成果 ,介绍了季节冻土区挡土墙抗冻结构设计的要求、荷载组合、冻胀力的设计取值及墙体强度和稳定的验算方法     

卧式加工中心APC装置常见故障的诊断与分析

卧式加工中心的工作台自动交换装置简称APC装置,一般有回转自动交换方式和移动自动交换方式两种类型。加工中心配置工作台自动交换装置,使其携带工件在工位及机床之间转换,从而有效的减小定位误差,减少装夹时间,达到提高加工精度及生产效率的目的。车间有卧式加工中心ACE-HM630、TH6563X63,其工作台的交换方式采用回转自动交换方式。本文主要综述此类机床APC装置的电气动作时序及常见故障分析。     

Parameters of moving sidewalks for airport terminal pier fingers

A moving sidewalk system installed at an airport pier finger is analyzed. The optimal length of the moving sidewalk and the optimal spacing between the access points which minimize the total cost of the system are obtained using methods of calculus, for a number of cases based on the different proportions of arriving, departing and transferring passengers and for two different types of moving sidewalks: elevated, at‐grade.

The optimal length of the moving sidewalk is shown to be linearly related to the length of the concourse, and to the total passenger demand. The effect due to preticketed transferees is insignificant.

The optimal spacing between access points is shown to be proportional to the square‐root of either the cost of an access escalator or the cost of inconvenience to a passenger due to an intermediate gap, depending on the moving sidewalk system under consideration. It also changes with the percentage of preticketed transferees.     

A three-stage evacuation decision-making and behavior model for the onset of an attack

Pedestrian behavior models have successfully reproduced human movement in many situations. However, few studies focus on modeling human behavior in the context of terrorist attacks. Terrorist attacks commonly occur in crowded public areas and result in a large number of casualties. This paper proposes a three-stage model to reproduce a series of complex behaviors and decision-making processes at the onset of an attack, when pedestrians generally do not have clear targets and have to deal with fuzzy information from the attack. The first stage of the model builds a Bayesian belief network to represent the pedestrians’ initial judgment of the threat and their evacuation decisions. The second stage focuses on pedestrians’ global assessment of the situation through an analogy with diffusion processes. The third stage uses a cost function to reproduce the trade-offs of distance, safety, and emotional impact when considering a path to take. The model is validated using a video from the November 2015 Paris attack. The behavioral characteristics and trajectories of three pedestrians extracted from the video are reproduced by the simulation results based on the model. The research can be used to set rules when performing risk analysis and strategic defensive resource allocation of terrorist attacks using agent-based simulation methods.