Identifying Time-of-Day Breakpoints Based on Nonintrusive Data Collection Platforms

To ensure the effective operation of traffic signal systems, different signal timings should be designed to accommodate traffic pattern variations. One of the greatest challenges is the identification of appropriate time-of-day (TOD) breakpoints, where different signal timings could be implemented during the time periods between two consecutive breakpoints. This research presents an advanced cluster analysis aimed at identifying TOD breakpoints for coordinated, semiactuated modes when it is necessary for multiple intersection operations to be considered simultaneously. Different from previous studies, this proposed methodology considers the time of traffic occurring as one dimension in clustering and uses continuous traffic data obtained through innovative, nonintrusive data collection techniques, which significantly improve this method's performance. The operability of this proposed method is demonstrated in a case study of a corridor located in Tampa, FL. The traffic simulation results reported in this article reveal that this novel procedure performs better than existing TOD signal timing plans.     

大秦线2万t货物列车条件下线桥设备试验研究

选取大秦线5个轨道、1个路基和9个桥梁试验工点,进行2万t列车的运行和制动试验,研究大秦线轨道、桥梁和路基的动力性能。结果表明:2万t试验列车通过典型线、桥、路基和道岔地段时,实测脱轨系数、轮重减载率和轮对横向力以及道岔尖轨开口量等指标均在安全限度内,说明在大秦线开行2万t货物列车是安全可行的。2万t试验列车作用下的轨道动力响应和各项位移参数与普通列车正常运营时基本相当,但2万t试验列车车辆由车轮扁疤产生的轮轨垂直力最大值达到277 kN,会对轨道结构产生显著的破坏作用;桥梁的挠度和振动参数基本在安全控制范围内;路基的动应力值基本在45 kPa以内,轴重由21 t增加到25 t后,路基动应力只增加2 kPa左右,但2万t列车通过时相邻两转向架4个车轮产生的路基动应力分布为1个梯形形式,而6 000 t列车通过时为2个交叠的梯形形式。     

一种用PC机截取七段码显示电路数据的方法

本文介绍了一种实用的用ＰＣ机截获单片机数据的应用方法，并给出了其中的接口电路与软件。     

构建路企数据交换平台的探讨

本文探讨了构建路企数据交换平台的意义和可行性，结合企业专用线应用实效，提出构建路企数据交换平台的初步设想。     

巧妙运用LKJ数据发现车载设备质量问题

结合LKJ数据分析中一些巧妙的解决方法,阐述LKJ数据分析在发现、解决车载设备隐藏质量问题中的运用,以期达到快速消除设备隐患,确保LKJ设备运用良好的目的。     

船舶电子签证对规费征稽的影响及对策

文中分析了施行船舶电子签证后对海事规费征稽工作产生的影响和面临的困难，并提出应对措施，以期为实施电子签证管理后征稽工作提供借鉴。     

A trade-off analysis between penetration rate and sampling frequency of mobile sensors in traffic state estimation

The rapid-growth of smartphones with embedded navigation systems such as GPS modules provides new ways of monitoring traffic. These devices can register and send a great amount of traffic related data, which can be used for traffic state estimation. In such a case, the amount of data collected depends on two variables: the penetration rate of devices in traffic flow (P) and their data sampling frequency (z). Referring to data composition as the way certain number of observations is collected, in terms of P and z, we need to understand the relation between the amount and composition of data collected, and the accuracy achieved in traffic state estimation. This was accomplished through an in-depth analysis of two datasets of vehicle trajectories on freeways. The first dataset consists of trajectories over a real freeway, while the second dataset is obtained through microsimulation. Hypothetical scenarios of data sent by equipped vehicles were created, based on the composition of data collected. Different values of P and z were used, and each unique combination defined a specific scenario. Traffic states were estimated through two simple methods, and a more advanced one that incorporates traffic flow theory. A measure to quantify data to be collected was proposed, based on travel time, number of vehicles, penetration rate and sampling frequency. The error was below 6% for every scenario in each dataset. Also, increasing data reduced variability in data count estimation. The performance of the different estimation methods varied through each dataset and scenario. Since the same number of observations can be gathered with different combinations of P and z, the effect of data composition was analyzed (a trade-off between penetration rate and sampling frequency). Different situations were found. In some, an increase in penetration rate is more effective to reduce estimation error than an increase in sampling frequency, considering an equal increase in observations. In other areas, the opposite relationship was found. Between these areas, an indifference curve was found. In fact, this curve is the solution to the optimization problem of minimizing the error given any fixed number of observations. As a general result, increasing sampling frequency (penetration rate) is more beneficial when the current sampling frequency (penetration rate) is low, independent of the penetration rate (sampling frequency).     

Joint impact of competition,ownership form and economic regulation on airport performance and pricing

The combined impact of ownership form, economic regulation and competition on airport performance is analyzed using data envelopment analysis to measure cost efficiency in the first stage and regression analysis to measure the impact of the environment in the second stage. The empirical results of an analysis of European and Australian airports over a 10 year timeframe reveal that under relatively non-competitive conditions, public airports operate less cost efficiently than fully private airports. Irrespective of ownership form, regulation is necessary to emulate competitive forces thus pushing airport management towards cost efficiency and reasonable pricing policies. Under potential regional or hub competition, economic regulation inhibits airports of any ownership form from operating and pricing efficiently. Although public and fully private airports operate equally efficiently in a competitive setting, private airports still set higher aeronautical charges. Furthermore, mixed ownership forms with a majority public holding are neither cost efficient nor low price, irrespective of the level of competition.     

Data-driven perspectives for energy efficient operations in railway systems: Current practices and future opportunities

Railway systems must increase their performance and economic competitiveness to remain an effective and efficient transport mode. Energy efficiency goals are one of the main drivers for the future evolution of planning and operations of transport systems. An opportunity to improve energy efficiency together with reliability and feasibility of railway systems come from the huge amount of data being currently collected and available in the future. The hidden potential in large sets of data for improving energy efficiency can be fully exploited through novel, data-driven approaches. This paper discusses the relation of those future approaches with the current state of the art and challenges, highlighting natural advantages and possible weak points. We identify dimensions within the current literature describing the suitability of current approaches to embrace the data revolution, and the possible enhancements resulting from that. We refer to practical test cases based on real on-board monitoring of electric trains in Switzerland to identify current and future challenges in improving energy efficiency of train operations. We conclude with a discussion and a roadmap on the introduction of data-driven approaches for improving energy efficiency of railway systems.     

Density/Flow reconstruction via heterogeneous sources and Optimal Sensor Placement in road networks

This paper addresses the two problems of flow and density reconstruction in Road Transportation Networks with heterogeneous information sources and cost effective sensor placement. Following a standard modeling approach, the network is partitioned in cells, whose vehicle densities change dynamically in time according to first order conservation laws. The first problem is to estimate flow and the density of vehicles using as sources of information standard fixed sensors, precise but expensive, and Floating Car Data, less precise due to low penetration rates, but already available on most of main roads. A data fusion algorithm is proposed to merge the two sources of information to estimate the network state. The second problem is to place sensors by trading off between cost and performance. A relaxation of the problem, based on the concept of Virtual Variances, is proposed and solved using convex optimization tools. The efficiency of the designed strategies is shown on a regular grid and in the real world scenario of Rocade Sud in Grenoble, France, a ring road 10.5 km long.