对"2007年渤海溢油应急演习"的思考

本文介绍了"2007年渤海溢油应急演习"概况,分析了演习的经验和成果,就演习反映的问题提出了解决建议。     

基于钢-泡沫夹层结构的船与冰碰撞性能分析

运用非线性有限元基本理论,采用大型动态计算软件MSC.Dytran,建立了基于钢-泡沫夹层结构的船舶首部以及冰体的三维有限元计算模型,分析了碰撞力的大小、船首及内部结构的损伤变形和能量吸收等特性。为研究大型运输船舶船首结构与冰之间碰撞性能奠定基础。通过使用钢-泡沫夹层结构替换舷侧外板,在有效行程内降低了碰撞力和增加总体的能量吸收,提高了整体的碰撞性能。     

Impacts of fuel quality on indoor environment onboard a ship: From policy to practice

Environmental considerations, concerning the negative impacts of ship exhaust gases and particles on ambient air quality, are behind the requirements of cleaner marine fuels currently applied in designated emission control areas (ECAs). We investigated the impact of a ship operating on two types of fuel on the indoor air quality onboard. Gaseous and particulate air pollutants were measured in the engine room and the accommodation sections on-board an icebreaker operating first on Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO, 1%-S), and later Marine Diesel Oil (MDO, 0.1%-S). Statistically significant decrease of SO₂, NOx, PM_2.5 and particle number concentration were observed when the ship was operating on MDO. Due to the higher content of alkylated PAHs in MDO compared to HFO, the concentration of PAHs increased during operation on MDO. The particulate PAHs classified as carcinogens, were similar to or lower in the MDO campaign. Chemical analysis of PM_2.5 revealed that the particles consisted mainly of organic carbon and sulfate, although the fraction of metals was quite large in particles from the engine room. Principal Component Analysis of all measured parameters showed a clear difference between HFO and MDO fuel on the indoor environmental quality on-board the ship. This empirical study poses a first example on how environmental policy-making impacts not only the primary target at a global level, but also brings unexpected localized benefits at workplace level. The study emphasizes the need of further investigations on the impact of new marine fuels and technologies on the indoor air environments on board.     

沥青路面车辙隆起变化规律浅析

车辙是目前高速公路沥青路面主要病害之一,通过对试验路钻取芯样,分别测量芯样的高度、毛体积密度、油石比、级配等,得出荷载作用不同位置处相应指标的变化规律,为高速公路沥青路面车辙研究提供参考。     

鲁宁输油管道经济清管周期的确定

介绍了原油在输送过程中蜡的析出规律,建立了当量管径与输油天数的数学模型,从而确定出管道最佳的经济清管周期。     

格拉管线被第三方损坏的抢修实践

某日 ,格拉管线正在输送汽油时 ,终端拉萨分输站的进站压力和流量突然同时大幅度下降 ,初步判定为管线发生了破裂跑油故障 ,经巡线查实 ,在距该站下行方向 30 0 0km处的管线被施工的挖掘机挖破而大量跑油 ,经两昼夜的紧急抢修恢复了正常输油     

油库自流作业时最小高差的确定

油库的自流作业是利用油品的自然位差能进行的作业过程。提出了满足最小位差的计算方法和确定条件,指出了油库自流作业时应考虑的主要问题,即对油库的作业方式、工程施工、经济性、运行管理、自动控制等方面的影响及主导油管线的工艺设计指导原则等,对油库设计与建设有一定的指导意义。     

柴油机曲轴断裂原因新析

针对柴油机曲轴断裂的原因,提出了一种新见解--"油楔力"的作用是加速曲轴断裂的一个主要原因.指出"初始裂纹"是曲轴断裂的危险信号;交替变形产生的交变负荷是"油楔力"能量的来源;"油楔力"的作用使裂纹加速扩展,从而导致曲轴载荷截面尺寸不足而发生突然折断,使曲轴断裂发生在材料疲劳破坏之前.消除初始裂纹是曲轴安全运转的保证.     

CSR对超大型油船装载及压载舱分舱的影响

国际、国内的油运市场对超大型油船(VLCC)的需求非常迫切。油船结构共同规范(CSR)不仅对VLCC结构设计的影响是全面和系统的,还对VLCC的装载工况和压载舱分舱方案有很大的影响,而这些因素直接决定了船体的最大中拱静水弯矩。该文针对30.8万吨VLCC,对CSR进行了研究,通过装载计算,初步阐明了CSR对VLCC装载工况和压载舱分舱设计的影响。     

LRHY5型沥青脱桶加热设备热平衡计算

简要介绍了LRHY5型沥青脱桶加热设备的结构和主要技术参数,进行了热平衡分析和热平衡计算,据此选用合适的导热油加热炉.