实时流场预报及在海面溢油轨迹预测中的应用

本文提出了舟山定普港域三维实时流场数值预报和调和预报方法,并在海面溢油轨迹预测应用实例中作了验证。结果表明,该方法能较准确地预报港域内流场的空间和时间分布,由预报流场驱动的溢油轨迹同实测结果一致,适合于在海上溢油事故等环境问题中使用。     

输油管道旁公路工程控制爆破施工技术探讨

文章根据贵都高速公路沿线部分路基、桥梁工程与中石化西南成品油输油管道相交及近距离平行的实际情况,提出了针对性的公路路基、桥基岩土开挖爆破施工总体方案,并从路基挖方深孔爆破设计、桩基浅眼爆破设计、一次齐爆最大药量计算、装药结构、爆孔堵塞、爆破网络、安全距离计算等方面介绍了爆破控制施工技术。     

Comparative assessment of liquid sloshing in dry and wet storage tank of floating offshore platform

In order to explore the characteristics of the single-layer liquid sloshing in offshore dry oil storage tank and the two-layer liquid sloshing in offshore wet oil storage tank, two series of experiments were carried out: one was free surface sloshing in a closed rectangular tank partially filled with colored water, and the other was interfacial sloshing in the identical tank but completely filled with white oil and colored water. The tank was mounted on a shake table and was subjected to harmonic horizontal excitation with different excitation amplitudes and a wide range of excitation frequencies, including the first seven natural modes of single-layer or two-layer liquid system. The present study find that the frequency responses of interfacial sloshing wave are analogous to those of the free surface sloshing wave, but smaller in amplitudes. The experiments also produce results that are unique to the two-layer liquid sloshing. For example, when the external excitation frequency is equal to or close to the odd mode natural frequency of two-layer liquid system, a complicated three-dimensional (3D) gravity-capillary wave might be generated at the oil-water interface. Finally, the comparisons of free surface and interfacial sloshing in the viscous damping ratio, higher sloshing modes, impact pressure amplitude and mass center displacement were conducted, which revealed the superiority of wet storage technology in structural safety and dynamic stability.     

北部湾油类污染及防治措施

文章基于北部湾海域油类污染防治的紧迫性和艰巨性,探讨了北部湾海域油类污染的成因,分析了现阶段北部湾海洋油类污染防治存在的问题,并提出了防治北部湾海洋油类污染的措施。     

一种防倾斜式油箱设计

军用越野汽车燃油箱的长度一般都比较长。当车辆在上坡或下坡时,燃油箱中的燃油会流到一侧,这时燃油箱中可能还有不少的燃油却吸不到油,造成发动机熄火,这样对于车辆是非常危险的。针对这种情况设计了一种新型的高容积利用率油箱可以大大改善车辆上下陡坡时吸不到油的情况,提高了车辆在复杂道路上行驶的安全性。通过制作样品进行了验证,取得了比较好的效果。     

Analyzing the effects of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) diesel blending on the efficiency and emissions of petroleum refineries and transport fuels in the U.S. and Europe

The transport sector is fast changing with demand for distillates increasing amidst declining gasoline consumption in many markets especially in the developed world. Increasingly refineries are stretched to operate less efficiently and this is manifested through a drop in efficiency as a consequence of increasing diesel production via less efficient routes, particularly on the marginal barrel of diesel. It has been suggested that this decline in diesel production efficiency, as the ratio of gasoline to diesel (G/D) production drops, can partly be mitigated through the use of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) diesel. In this paper we adopted refinery Linear-Programming models to represent the refining system in Europe as well as a district in the U.S. to investigate the effects of increased availability of GTL diesel to a refiner on the energy efficiency and GHG emissions of refineries. Here we showed that indeed there is an improvement in diesel production efficiency with increasing GTL concentrations, but this efficiency gain (<0.5%) is insufficient to counteract the higher energy consumption and emissions associated with the production of GTL, thus leading to an overall decline in life cycle efficiency (up to 5%), and an increase in life cycle GHG emissions (up to 2%).     

海上油田过驳作业风险分析及对策

文中通过对辖区海上油田过驳作业风险的分析,并结合近年海事监管的经验,提出一些防控过驳作业风险的合理化建议,以期达到防止海洋污染的目的。     

Factors Affecting Disaster Preparedness,Response, and Recovery Using the Community Capitals Framework

Abstract

Disaster research often focuses on how and why communities are affected by a discrete extreme event. We used the community capitals framework to understand how community characteristics influence their preparedness, response to, and recovery from successive or multiple disasters using the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake and the 1989 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill as case studies. This study assesses community response to these disasters by reviewing published literature on impacts to create profiles for six communities and by identifying community capitals before and during these disasters, and throughout the long-term recovery. While the presence of rich natural capitals commonly contributed resources to pre-disaster planning and long-term recovery, restriction of resource access immediately following the disasters was detrimental to many communities. Communities with strong political, social, and financial capitals tended to fare better immediately following disasters, enabling longer-term processes of transformation or recovery. However, in some communities the oil spill undermined these capitals more than the earthquake and resulting tsunami. In understanding how use and reliance on community capitals can lead to varied recovery success from different kinds of disasters, these findings can help coastal managers and planners prepare for future disasters.     

钦州30万吨级石油码头装卸工艺设计探讨

装卸工艺的合理布局是码头能安全生产、高效有序发挥作用的关键。文章介绍了广西北部湾港钦州30万吨级石油码头的油品性质、设计参数与装卸工艺流程,并基于对该码头泊位设计通过能力的计算分析,提出了码头装卸工艺布置方案,同时阐述了方案设计的重点和难点。     

基于AHP的舟山港原油中转库布局规划浅议

运用层次分析法(AHP)对舟山港域适于建设原油中转库的作业区进行了评价分析,并对新一轮原油中转库及码头建设选址与建设规模提出了建议。