电力机车除尘器应用探讨

结合我国现有电力机车的除尘技术,介绍了除尘器的分类,除尘原理,以及几种常用的除尘器的结构,并对各除尘器的适用范围进行了介绍。     

酸枣仁油对小鼠中枢神经系统的影响

利用浮动法和落砂法研究了酸枣仁油剂对小鼠自主活动的影响，结果表明酸枣仁油乳剂在１．４ｍｌ／ｋｇ或０．３５ｍｌ／ｋｇ灌胃给药，每天２次，连续３ｄ，可使小鼠自主活动减少；酸枣仁油乳剂与戊巴比妥钠合用，可协同延长小鼠的睡眠时间。提示酸枣仁油可能是酸枣仁镇静催眠作用的有效成份。     

Influence of the heavy fuel spill from the Prestige tanker wreckage in the overlying seawater column levels of copper, nickel and vanadium (NE Atlantic ocean)

The water column above the Prestige wreckage was sampled during two consecutive campaigns: Prestinaut (December 2002) two weeks after the tanker sunk and HidroPrestige0303 (March 2003) one month after the sealing of the main fuel leaks. Samples of the original cargo fuel and the emulsified fuel in the surface of the ocean were also collected. Analysis of the fuel indicated the release of 135 kg of Cu, 1700 kg of Ni and 5300 kg of V from the original fuel to the water column, remaining 35 kg of Cu, 3100 kg of Ni and 13,800 kg of V in the emulsified fuel. The metal partitioning between the water column and the emulsioned floating fuel, Cu > Ni ~ V, are in accordance with the stability index for the metal–nitrogen bond in metalloporphyrins. This release had an impact on dissolved trace metal concentrations in the water column. An increase on dissolved copper (2.8–4.7 nM) and nickel (2.2–8.0 nM) with respect to natural values (1–3 nM for Cu and 1.6–5 nM for Ni) was observed. Values for vanadium (28–35 nM) were in the range of pristine North Atlantic waters (30–36 nM). This contamination was especially observed in the upper water column (0–50 m), associated with the mixing of seawater with the fuel moving upwards, and in deep waters, where the residence time of fuel is higher. Future research in this field should focus on the environmental variables and the processes that control the release of contaminants from fuels for a better assessment of the contamination in oil-spill events.     

GRAVINER Mark6 OMD监控与管理技术研究

文章针对GRAVINER Mark6 OMD调试和维护管理困难等问题,分析其系统结构、新技术特点,并提出了管理与维护方法及失效时导致曲轴箱爆炸事故处理办法,对船舶机电调试及管理工作有一定的参考意义。     

基于PLC的船用油水分离监控系统设计

随着海洋的大规模开发和世界贸易经济的蓬勃发展,航运业发挥着越来越重要的作用,承担了世界90%以上的外贸运输,在推动经济繁荣发展的同时,也给我们赖以生存的海洋环境带来了极大污染。海洋环境的保护越来越受到人们的普遍关注,因此需要油水分离监控系统对船舶排污的油水含量进行监控。本文在国际公约和国内法规的基础上,结合实际情况,参考一般船舶机舱油水分离器的要求,设计一种基于可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的船用油水分离监控系统,该系统不仅可以实现船用油水分离器的主要功能,而且可以实现对油水分离状况进行实时监控,可以对海洋的污染降到最低。     

非本体原因引起的分油机故障分析与处理

随着分油机本体设计的不断完善,外围控制系统和附属设备的增加,一些非本体原因引起的分油机故障也不断发生,且易被传统的观念和经验忽视。文章从控制单元中部件及附属设备等外围环节分析排除故障,对分油机类似管理问题提供借鉴启示。     

胜利油田海堤工程护面块体选型

结合海堤工程的不同断面形式,以水工物理模型试验作为主要研究手段,验证海堤在不同工况条件下在临界破碎波高作用下的护面块体稳定性。通过比较分析两种护面块体形式的稳定性试验的相关数据,最终确定适用于胜利油田海堤工程的合理经济的护面块体形式。     

Social and spatial effects of transforming the private vehicle fleet in Brisbane,Australia

Transformation of the motor vehicle fleet has been an important feature of the world’s peak car phenomenon. Very few urban transport studies have explored such important changes in large urban cities. Using an innovative green vehicle datasets constructed for 2009 and 2014, this paper investigates the ongoing change in urban private vehicle fleet efficiency (VFE) in Brisbane. The spatial patterns of VFE change were examined with social-spatial characteristics of the urban area. The results showed that the social and spatial effect of VFE changes remain uneven over urban space. The inner urban areas have experienced higher level of VFE change, whilst people in the outer and oil vulnerable areas showed a low tendency in shifting to more efficient vehicles. The implication of VFE change for future household vehicle adoption was also evaluated based on a cost-benefit analysis of new vehicle technology costs and expected fuel savings for households that choose a fuel efficient vehicle. The results show that imposing a stronger national fuel economy target in the long term would accelerate evolution of vehicle fleets and oil vulnerability reduction in Brisbane.     

Operational Oceanography System applied to the Prestige oil-spillage event

This contribution describes the procedure used during the Prestige oil-spillage event, by means of an Operational Oceanography System, and the behaviour of the present prediction tools (hydrodynamic and dispersion models) applied to it. The accuracy of these tools is estimated by a reanalysis of field data transmitted by a sea surface drifting buoy, released at the time of the oil spill. The numerical models applied were the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), fed by the available six-hourly NCEP atmospheric information, together with a Lagrangian Particle-Tracking Model (LPTM). ROMS has been used to estimate the current fields for the Bay of Biscay, whilst the LPTM has provided the oil spill trajectories. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the numerical models depends upon the quality of the meteorological input data. In this case, the current fields at the sea surface, derived by ROMS, have been underestimated by the wind fields of the NCEP reanalysis data. An efficient calibration of these wind fields, with data provided by the Gascony buoy (fixed oceanic and atmospheric station), achieves more realistic looking results; this is reflected in the comparison between the buoy trajectory predicted numerically and the tracked movements of the drifting buoy.     

自动变速器油泵的检修

对于自动变速器油泵，可通过失速试验和时间滞后试验来检查油泵的性能和判断油泵有无故障。经分析认为，主动齿轮、齿环与泵壳凸台配合间隙超限，主动齿轮、齿环与泵壳接触面磨损量超限，以及O形圈老化或断裂是造成油泵性能下降的主要原因。