Modeling gas dissolution in deepwater oil/gas spills

Gases in deepwater oil/gas spills can lose considerable amounts of the gas phase due to dissolution in water. Gas dissolution has a significant impact on the behavior of the oil/gas jet/plume because of its impact on the buoyancy. A method is presented in this paper for computing gas dissolution that covers a broad range of water depth, from shallow water where gases behave as ideal ones under low pressure to deepwater where gases behave as non-ideal ones under high pressures. The method presented also accounts for the spherical and non-spherical shapes of gas bubbles. The gas dissolution computations are validated by comparing the computed results with observed data from previously conducted laboratory experiments. The gas dissolution computation module is then integrated with a model for underwater oil/gas jets/plumes by Yapa and Zheng [J. Hydraul. Res. 35 (5) (1997) 673]. Scenario simulations are presented to show the impacts of gas dissolution on the behavior of jets/plumes. These scenarios show the impact of dissolution on the behavior of the jet/plume. The comparison of results using ideal gas conditions and non-ideal gas conditions is also shown.     

改扩建高速公路中央分隔带开口长度及 位置安全性研究 ——以洛阳至三门峡高速公路扩建工程为例

为了降低高速公路改扩建项目中老路中央分隔带的保留所增加的潜在行车风险,对高速公 路改扩建工程中互通式立交、服务区出入口中央分隔带的开口长度及位置进行了安全性分析。基 于交织理论、可穿越间隙理论、排队论等相关理论,从服务区交织和冲突的驾驶行为特性分析出 发,以洛阳至三门峡高速公路扩建工程为例,对中央分隔带进出口开口始端、开口中间区、开口 末端长度进行计算,确定了高速公路单侧加宽工程立交、服务区前后老路中央分隔带开口长度设 置的方法,并在分析了其安全性之后,结合出入口预告标志牌的布设位置得到中央分隔带合理的 开口位置。研究结果表明,该高速公路改扩建中央分隔带开口长度及位置设置可以通过定量计算 得到,能有效诱导驾驶员安全、舒适地出入中央分隔带封闭区。     

船舶结构疲劳强度分析中的几个问题

讨论了有关确定船舶结构疲劳寿命的几个重要因素;应为周期数、Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布形状参数ξ与船长关系、热点应力和切口应力等。以２５８,０００ｔ现有超大型油船（ＶＬＣＣ）的舷侧纵骨和甲板纵骨的疲劳强度为例进行了计算,计算结果表明预示的疲劳寿命较好反映了超大型油轮的疲劳寿命。     

油品码头灭火系统设计浅析

文章基于对某10万吨级油品码头灭火系统的介绍和分析,结合相关调研资料,着重阐述了油品码头灭火系统的设计要点。     

Computing airfare elasticities or opening Pandora's box

Airfare elasticities are crucial for policy instruments for the stakeholders of tourism industry. Modellers attempting to estimate these elasticities face several challenges in the absence of microeconomic data on consumer preferences. The aim of this paper is to offer a critical analysis of the practice of computing airfare elasticities from tourism demand studies. It identifies and discusses potential sources of measurement errors in the data and drawbacks that investigators face and assesses their implications for the estimated parameters in the respective models. The use of price of crude oil and distance between origin and destination as proxies for transportation costs are evaluated. It is recommended that authors be more systematic in reporting their results. They need to comment on the limitations of their elasticity estimates since these have repercussions on policy recommendations made based on their results.     

船舶舱底水分离器使用的自动记录与监控系统设计

为防止船舶舱底水随意排放造成水域污染,设计了安装于舱底水分离器排出水管路上的自动记录与监控装置,并编写控制系统的软件,以记录与监控分离器的使用情况.装置由单片机控制系统和多种传感器构成,可以对排放情况进行记录,并将记录结果送入上位机存储,从而有效地控制舱底水的蓄意排放.     

一种新型摩托车发动机副轴油封

在摩托车发动机中,用于密封的副轴油封具有较高的弹性,泄漏率低,耐热、耐压范围广,能起到防尘、防油外漏的作用.但是,当副轴表面质量较差或发动机工作一段时间后,机油质量下降,机油中的异物及未清除的铝屑等杂质易将主唇口划伤,从而影响密封性能,出现渗油现象.笔者设计的在油封主唇外斜面上加倾斜凸筋的副轴油封,可有效防止因主唇口划伤而引起的渗油现象.     

AC-13(改进型)沥青混合料劈裂试验研究

文章结合柳州绕城高速公路AC-13(改进型)沥青混合料矿料级配,利用SGC旋转压实机成型沥青混合料试件并进行劈裂试验,对AC-13(改进型)沥青混合料的间接抗拉强度进行评价,得出沥青混合料的空隙率、油石比、老化这些指标的变化与沥青混合料的力学特性间的密切关系。     

原油一段脱水达标新工艺在FPSO上的应用

随着海洋石油工业的高速发展,需要有越来越多的陆上石油处理工艺移植到海上平台上。通过对南海西部海域文昌13-1/2油田原油处理工艺流程及关键设备的研究、分析、不断优化和总结,证明了其先进性、可靠性和适应性,除完全能够满足生产的要求外,同时可以将这一工艺流程推广和应用到其他项目中,对工艺设计、甚至标准化设计都具有借鉴意义。     

Dispersion of spilled oil by a cavitating jet at sea

This article presents the possibility of using a high-speed water jet for the dispersion of spilled oil at sea. Laboratory experiments showed that a high-speed water jet is very effective in dispersing heavy oil. Two methods were examined and compared using freshwater. The first method was to disperse an oil layer on the water surface using a cavitating jet ejected upward at an angle of 45°. A target plate was placed at the interface of the water and oil layer to enhance the collapse of cavitating bubbles. The second method was to eject a high-speed water jet vertically downward from the air. A guide plate with a guide hole was placed under the oil layer with no target plate as such. The second method showed an improved dispersion ability and thus its effectiveness was examined using an oil layer on seawater. The dispersion of oil was better in seawater than in freshwater, probably because seawater contains natural surfactants.