船舶结构疲劳强度分析中的几个问题

讨论了有关确定船舶结构疲劳寿命的几个重要因素;应为周期数、Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布形状参数ξ与船长关系、热点应力和切口应力等。以２５８,０００ｔ现有超大型油船（ＶＬＣＣ）的舷侧纵骨和甲板纵骨的疲劳强度为例进行了计算,计算结果表明预示的疲劳寿命较好反映了超大型油轮的疲劳寿命。     

Axial vibrations of a propulsion system taking into account the couplings and the boundary conditions

Calculations of the axial vibrations of a marine power transmission system are a very difficult problem owing to the complicated couplings and difficulties in determining the boundary conditions. The torsional–bending–axial coupling action of the system should be accounted for when considering its dynamics. A determination of the mutual interference of system vibrations and their boundary conditions is also necessary. A performance analysis of the main engine bearings, the thrust bearings, and the axial dampers should also be carried out. Thus, the effects of additional bending stresses in the crankshaft and possible vibrations of the ships structure due to the reaction force in the thrust bearings should be considered. I have devised a computer program to analyse the axial vibration problem. The numerical analysis method presented is compared with measurements (performed on real ships) and verified by them.     

船舶油水分离器性能鉴定综述

追溯了IMO对船舶安装油水分离器的立法进程和检查方式的历史沿革，综述了油水分离器鉴定的取样方法、分析方法、分析报告的出具和作用，对船舶防止油污染工作有敦促作用。     

Modeling gas dissolution in deepwater oil/gas spills

Gases in deepwater oil/gas spills can lose considerable amounts of the gas phase due to dissolution in water. Gas dissolution has a significant impact on the behavior of the oil/gas jet/plume because of its impact on the buoyancy. A method is presented in this paper for computing gas dissolution that covers a broad range of water depth, from shallow water where gases behave as ideal ones under low pressure to deepwater where gases behave as non-ideal ones under high pressures. The method presented also accounts for the spherical and non-spherical shapes of gas bubbles. The gas dissolution computations are validated by comparing the computed results with observed data from previously conducted laboratory experiments. The gas dissolution computation module is then integrated with a model for underwater oil/gas jets/plumes by Yapa and Zheng [J. Hydraul. Res. 35 (5) (1997) 673]. Scenario simulations are presented to show the impacts of gas dissolution on the behavior of jets/plumes. These scenarios show the impact of dissolution on the behavior of the jet/plume. The comparison of results using ideal gas conditions and non-ideal gas conditions is also shown.     

商用车齿轮油长换油周期试验研究

主要对商用车齿轮油10×104 km换油周期试验工作进行了介绍,先后对油品的理化分析、齿轮寿命台架试验,实际行车试验来确定油品能否达到10×104 km的目标换油里程.对试验过程中油品的100℃运动粘度、酸值、铁含量进行监测,以确保在整个换油周期内油品状态符合换油指标的技术要求.样品A、样品B2种油品均达到10×104...     

Dispersion of spilled oil by a cavitating jet at sea

This article presents the possibility of using a high-speed water jet for the dispersion of spilled oil at sea. Laboratory experiments showed that a high-speed water jet is very effective in dispersing heavy oil. Two methods were examined and compared using freshwater. The first method was to disperse an oil layer on the water surface using a cavitating jet ejected upward at an angle of 45°. A target plate was placed at the interface of the water and oil layer to enhance the collapse of cavitating bubbles. The second method was to eject a high-speed water jet vertically downward from the air. A guide plate with a guide hole was placed under the oil layer with no target plate as such. The second method showed an improved dispersion ability and thus its effectiveness was examined using an oil layer on seawater. The dispersion of oil was better in seawater than in freshwater, probably because seawater contains natural surfactants.     

浅析油品运输中"转换装油"引起的安全问题

从一起油轮爆炸事故，分析了事故的起因主要是由于“转换装油”引发的。后经随机调查发现，现阶段油轮“转换装油”现象非常突出。针对此现象，客观分析了油轮“转换装油”危害性及引发事故的原因，并提出了有效的防范措施，呼吁广大从业人员一定要加强防范意识。     

就DM—55型闭路强制循环导热油加热沥青系统谈科技成果评审的价值取向

本文以1990年5月通过鉴定的“DM-55型闭路强制循环导热油加热沥青系统”成果为依据,就其产品的命名,工艺设备本身的安全性,可靠性、先进性等阐述了作者的观点,并对该成果的推广使用提出了几点建设性意见,最终提出了对科技成果,即新产品、新工艺、新设备的评价,要做到多种价值取向,多方位、多层次考虑,才可能利于其推广发展的新见解。     

意大利玛连尼沥青拌和设备雾化燃烧器的正确使用和调整

简述了雾化燃烧器的工作原理及对不同燃料油的使用要求，并详述了系统启动运转前的检查调整要点和燃烧器的点火程序及故障检查和部件维修。     

Impact of forcing errors in the CAMCAT oil spill forecasting system. A sensitivity study

The CAMCAT oil spill forecasting system is presented in this paper, and an evaluation of the impact of errors in the forcing fields over its forecasts is carried out. The system is formed by several independent modules which provide forecasts of winds, currents and waves to an oil spill module which predicts the evolution of the spill.The typical twin-experiments experience is used paying special attention to a realistic characterization of the errors when perturbing the forcing fields. The results suggest that errors in the wind and current fields are the main limiting factor for the quality of the oil spill forecasts. The pollutant identification is also crucial to determine the final vertical position and characteristics of the product.