HAS土壤固化剂固化石屑道路基层抗裂性研究

目前我国高速公路建设中,半刚性材料以其强度高、造价低廉、原材料来源广泛等特点,被广泛应用于道路基层,但由于半刚性材料抗裂性能不理想,导致公路使用寿命大大下降。为解决这个难题,采用新型灰渣基胶凝材料HAS土壤固化剂进行大量试验,结果表明:用HAS土壤固化剂替代水泥做基层固结材料时,可以明显改善基层收缩性能。同时,在固化剂中添加粉煤灰也可以在一定程度上改善基层抗裂性能。     

码头面层混凝土干燥收缩试验研究

为满足码头面层混凝土抗裂性要求,开展了码头面层混凝土干燥收缩试验研究。试验结果表明:在水灰比一定的情况下,码头面层混凝土的单位体积用水量宜<165 kg/m3;在用水量一定情况下,水灰比较大的混凝土具有较小的干燥收缩,且控制混凝土的水灰比,水灰比不宜过低,水灰比宜控制在0.45～0.55;混凝土的单位体积水泥用量宜<360 kg/m3,宜控制在300～360 kg/m3。     

航标工程的勘察设计

结合工程实践介绍航标工程中勘察与设计的重要性,以及各设计阶段的工作重点,针对航标工程的性质与特点提出工程勘察设计在资料应用、技术处理、协调配合等方面存在的问题及建议.     

PAM类有机絮凝剂对高黏粒含量废弃泥浆脱水性能影响研究

针对泥水盾构长距离穿越粉质黏土地层时产生的大量高黏粒含量泥浆难以快速脱水的问题，开展PAM类有机絮凝剂与泥浆混合后的絮凝沉降试验，研究泥浆中颗粒沉降速率的变化，通过颗粒粒径、上清液浊度和Zeta电位等性质变化分析絮凝沉降效果的差异，并通过比阻试验评价其脱水性能。结果表明： 1）阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）添加量为0.12%~0.15%、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺（APAM）添加量为0.06%~0.09%时絮凝沉降效果较好，可在2 h之内降低泥浆约10%的水分； 2）非离子型聚丙烯酰胺（NPAM）无法有效降低泥浆含水率； 3）PAM类絮凝剂通过团聚泥浆中黏土颗粒形成大尺寸的絮团，是实现泥浆快速絮凝沉降的关键因素，APAM对泥浆Zeta电位影响较小，CPAM添加量的增加使Zeta电位逐渐减小； 4）PAM类絮凝剂可加快泥浆的前期排水速率，使泥浆比阻值降低至1013 cm/g数量级。     

A survey on modeling and control of thruster-assisted position mooring systems

This review presents a systematic summary of the state-of-the-art development of technological solutions, modeling, and control strategies of thruster-assisted position mooring (TAPM) systems. The survey serves as a starting point for exploring automatic control and real-time monitoring solutions proposed for TAPM systems. A brief historical background of the mooring systems is given. The kinematics and a simplified kinetic control-design model of a TAPM system are derived in accordance with established control methods, including a quasistatic linearized model for the restoring and damping forces based on low-frequency horizontal motions of the vessel. In addition, another two mooring line models, i.e., the catenary equation and the finite element method model, are presented for the purpose of higher-fidelity simulations. The basic TAPM control strategies are reviewed, including heading control, surge-sway damping, roll–pitch damping (for semisubmersibles), and line break detection and compensation. Details on the concepts of setpoint chasing for optimal positioning of a vessel at the equilibrium position are discussed based on balancing the mooring forces with the environmental loads and avoiding mooring line failure modes. One method for setpoint chasing is the use of a structural reliability index, accounting for both mean mooring line tensions and dynamic effects. Another method is the use of a lowpass filter on the position of the vessel itself, to provide a reference position. The most advanced method seems to be the use of a fault-tolerant control framework that, in addition to direct fault detection and isolation in the mooring system, incorporates minimization of either the low-frequency tensions in the mooring lines or minimization of the reliability indices for the mooring lines to select the optimal directions for the setpoint to move. A hybrid (or supervisory switching) control method is also presented, where a best-fit control law and observer law are automatically selected among a bank of control and observer algorithms based on the supervision of the sea-state and automatic switching logic.     

Development of control models for the planning of sustainable transportation systems

Planning of sustainable transportation systems requires integration of multiple systems while considering a holistic approach. A limited amount of research has been conducted that simultaneously considers all the transportation, economic activity, environmental and social effects. The proposed research envisages incorporating considerations related to sustainability and providing solutions to stakeholders in policy making. In this paper, a dynamic model for planning and development of sustainable transportation systems is presented. This is given by a system of three nonlinear differential equations representing the dynamics of the three independent states, namely, transportation, activity, and environmental systems. A policy scenario considering investment in energy efficient technologies and its effects on the states is discussed to assist making investment decisions. Optimal control techniques are used to design the controls. The results show that it is possible to formulate an optimal control to achieve the desired target. Numerical results, based on actual parameters, are presented to illustrate the long-term trends of the states. The methodology discussed in this paper will be helpful to decision makers in making optimal decisions. The contribution of this research work is the introduction of a systems and controls methodology to develop optimal policies for the design of sustainable systems.     

车轮剥离性能试验研究

在JD-1型轮轨摩擦模拟试验机上，在赫兹接触条件下，对4种不同含碳量车轮轮箍钢的剥离和磨损性能进行了试验研究．结果表明：磨损量随含碳量的增加而减小；含碳量越高，剥离程度越严重，剥离块越大；降低含碳量，可减轻剥离的发生，但同时会增加车轮的磨损量．     

沥青含蜡量试验技术的探讨

在高等级沥青路面建设中,沥青的含蜡量直接影响到沥青的路用性能,故具体、明确地阐述沥青含蜡量的试验方法,可为实际操作提供一定的参考.     

关于沥青混合料用细集料质量要求的思考

将《公路沥青路面施工技术规范》(JTG F40—2004)和《沥青路面施工及验收规范》(GB 50092—96)中沥青混合料用细集料的质量要求进行对比,并通过试验分析,发现《公路沥青路面施工技术规范》(JTG F40—2004)中对细集料的质量要求存在的缺陷,提出应调整规范对细集料的质量要求。     

高速公路水泥稳定碎石基层混合料施工含水量控制技术

含水量是水泥稳定碎石基层施工的关键控制因素。以北京地区高速公路水泥稳定碎石基层为研究对象，结合工程实例．通过室内外试验研究，进行水稳碎石基层施工含水量的影响分析，并提出具体的施工含水量控制措施，可供同类型工程施工参考、借鉴。