项目成熟度模型在高职教学管理中的应用研究

文章对高职院校项目成熟度模型进行了应用研究,提出了适合我国教育特点的具体的方法和步骤,为我国教学管理工作的改革与发展提供了参考。     

国Ⅳ车辆燃用国Ⅲ柴油的影响研究

本文通过对国Ⅳ车辆使用国Ⅲ柴油时的整车性能及排放进行试验数据分析及研究,得出国Ⅳ车辆在短期内限定工况下可以使用国Ⅲ柴油,但排放不能完全达到国家第Ⅳ阶段车用压燃式发动机与汽车污染物排放标准,且影响车辆性能不宜长期使用的结论,为国Ⅳ产品的设计、售后服务提供依据和参考。     

PM10、PM2.5与油品质量的关系探讨

随着雾霾天气的持续出现和机动车保有量的快速增长,专业名词PM逐渐进入公众视野,油品质量也成为环保部门和社会关注的焦点。本文从PM的污染现状与控制标准、PM与机动车尾气、PM与油品组分三方面综述了国内外相关研究成果,分析了PM与油品质量的关系,阐明油品质量升级的意义与压力,并提出关于油品质量升级的建议。     

Contrasting the direct use of data from traffic radars and video-cameras with traffic simulation in the estimation of road emissions and PM hotspot analysis

This study investigates the effect of traffic volume and speed data on the simulation of vehicle emissions and hotspot analysis. Data from a microwave radar and video cameras were first used directly for emission modelling. They were then used as input to a traffic simulation model whereby vehicle drive cycles were extracted to estimate emissions. To reach this objective, hourly traffic data were collected from three periods including morning peak (6–9 am), midday (11–2 pm), and afternoon peak (3–6 pm) on a weekday (June 23, 2016) along a high-volume corridor in Toronto, Canada. Traffic volumes were detected by a single radar and two video cameras operated by the Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research. Traffic volume and composition derived from the radar had lower accuracy than the video camera data and the radar performance varied by lane exhibiting poorer performance in the remote lanes. Radar speeds collected at a single point on the corridor had higher variability than simulated traffic speeds, and average speeds were closer after model calibration. Traffic emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5) were estimated using radar data as well as using simulated traffic based on various speed aggregation methods. Our results illustrate the range of emission estimates (NO_x: 4.0–27.0 g; PM₁₀: 0.3–4.8 g; PM_2.5: 0.2–1.3 g) for the corridor. The estimates based on radar speeds were at least three times lower than emissions derived from simulated vehicle trajectories. Finally, the PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 near-road concentrations derived from emissions based on simulated speeds were two or three times higher than concentrations based on emissions derived using radar data. Our findings are relevant for project-level emission inventories and PM hot-spot analysis; caution must be exercised when using raw radar data for emission modeling purposes.     

柴油机颗粒物后处理技术综述

通过调研国内外文献,介绍了柴油机颗粒物污染现状、颗粒物后处理技术、壁流式颗粒捕集器(DPF)的工作原理、材料和结构类型、捕集器再生技术和控制策略等。堇青石陶瓷壁流式DPF具有成本和性能方面的优势,占据主要市场份额,再生技术是DPF应用的关键。与主动再生技术相比,被动再生具有结构简单、节约油耗等优势,可通过涂敷催化剂、前置DOC和辅助主动再生等方法确保再生效果。     

浅谈柴油机满足国IV两条技术路线

近年来,随着人们对环境保护的日趋重视,世界各国对内燃机废气排放的要求变得越来越严格,轻型柴油车开始实施国Iv标准。目前由于机内排放控制并不能完全起到净化效果,因此对已排出燃烧室但尚未排到大气中的废气进行处理,采取机外控制技术显得很有必要。PM和NOx是柴油机主要排放污染物,如何同时降低这两种尾气组成,达到国Ⅳ排放水平,是当今世界柴油机技术的难点和研究热点。本文介绍目前国内满足柴油机国IV排放标准的SCR和EGRDPF／DOC两种主流技术路线。通过对比分析两种系统的原理和优缺点得出适合国内发展的路线,并浅谈未来柴油机排放控制的发展方向。     

伏安法测定PM2.5中的硝酸根离子

利用多孔铜修饰电极检测PM 2.5中硝酸根离子的含量.探讨了硝酸根离子在多孔铜修饰电极上的电化学性质.研究了硝酸根离子的响应电流与浓度的关系.结果表明:硝酸根离子还原峰电流与其浓度在6.67×10-6 ～2.00×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.998,方法检出限为2.00×10-6 mol/L.将该方法用于PM2.5中硝酸根离子含量的检测,测定结果与用分光光度法测定相近,说明该电化学测定方法可以用于PM2.5中硝酸根离子含量的检测结果是可靠的,具有一定的实用价值.     

柴油机PM排放测试分析方法探讨

综合分析了迄今为止国内外柴油机PM测试的分析方法,通过试验考察了PM的分级采集方法、组分分解方法和成分分析方法,提出一系列适合工程应用的PM排放测试分析方法流程。     

柴油机低温燃烧的研究进展

介绍了柴油机低温燃烧模式的概念和提出背景,详细分析了其现阶段在柴油机上的实现方式及特点,并且阐述了这种燃烧模式的最新研究进展。最后,讨论了柴油机低温燃烧模式进一步研究的方向。     

Investigation on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of diesel engine EGR coolers

An important goal in diesel engine research is the development of a means to reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx). The use of a cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system is one of the most effective techniques currently available for reducing nitrogen oxides. Since PM (Particulate Matter) fouling reduces the efficiency of an EGR cooler, a tradeoff exists between the amount of NOx and PM emissions, especially at high engine loads. In the present study, we performed engine dynamometer experiments and numerical analyses to investigate how the internal shape of an EGR cooler affects the heat exchanger efficiency. Heat exchanger efficiencies were examined for plain and spiral EGR coolers. The temperature and pressure distributions inside these EGR coolers were obtained in three dimensions using the numerical package program FLUENT.