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101.
Observations of the Fawn Trough Current over the Kerguelen Plateau from instrumented elephant seals 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Fabien Roquet Young-Hyang Park Christophe Guinet Frdric Bailleul Jean-Benoît Charrassin 《Journal of Marine Systems》2009,78(3):377
Due to its great meridional extent and relatively shallow depths, the Kerguelen Plateau constitutes a major barrier to the eastward flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. While most of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport is deflected north of the Kerguelen Islands, the remainder ( 50 Sv, 1 Sv = 106 m3 s− 1) must pass south of the islands, most probably through the Fawn and Princess Elizabeth Troughs. However, the paucity of finely resolved quasi-synoptic hydrographic data in this remote and infrequently sampled area has limited the progress in our knowledge of the regional circulation. Since 2004, a new approach using elephant seals from the Kerguelen Islands as autonomous oceanographic profilers has provided new information on the hydrography over the Kerguelen Plateau, covering the entire Antarctic Zone between the Polar Front and Antarctica, with a mean along-track resolution of about 25 km. These finely resolved bio-logged data revealed details of a strong northeastward current found across the Fawn Trough (sill depth: 2600 m; 56°S, 78°E). This so-called Fawn Trough Current transports cold Antarctic waters found mostly south of the Elan Bank, between the Ice Limit (58°S) and the Antarctic Divergence (64°S) in the eastern Enderby Basin, toward the Australian–Antarctic Basin. Our analysis also demonstrates that the Deep Western Boundary Current, which carries cold Antarctic water along the eastern flank of the southern Kerguelen Plateau collides with Fawn Trough Current at the outlet of the Fawn Trough sill. In other words, the Fawn Trough constitutes a veritable bottleneck, channelling the quasi-totality of the Antarctic Circumpolar flow found south of the Polar Front. Thanks to the unprecedented fine resolution of seal-borne data, a branch of flow centered at the Winter Water isotherm of 1 °C is also revealed along the northern escarpment of the Elan Bank, and then along the southern edge of Heard Island. Further analysis of different supplementary data reveals a complex circulation pattern in the entire Enderby Basin, with several distinctive branches of flow being strongly controlled by prominent topographic features such as the Southwest Indian Ridge, Conrad Rise, Elan Bank, and Kerguelen Plateau. This newly emerged frontal structure refines considerably previous large-scale circulation schematics of the area. 相似文献
102.
按简单条分法和简化毕肖普法,通过算例阐述了SLOPE/W软件总应力法和有效应力法的计算原理和应用,指出SLOPE/W软件虽然在输入时没有区别总应力参数和有效应力参数,但结合输入时是否定义孔隙水压力,用户可以从计算方法的原理上来区别软件是按总应力法还是按有效应力法计算. 相似文献
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直线电机轮轨交通是一种采用直线感应电机LIM牵引的新型城市轨道交通形式.在分析直线电机轮轨系统列车牵引和制动特性的基础上,从列车受力分析的角度,建立直线电机线路参数分析的模型;利用该模型,计算得到直线电机轮轨线路的安全牵引坡度及启/制动距离. 相似文献
106.
虚拟样机环境下软件设计质量的评价,可以看成是一个多级模糊综合评价的问题,文章认为评价时应根据评价项目的不同属性划分成不同的评价层次,再采用多级模糊综合评价方法来进行评价.为此,以软件工程相关的知识,建立了协同设计软件质量的评价指标和评价体系,探索了软件质量的综合评价理论和方法,建立了协同设计软件质量多级模糊评价的数学模型.最后用一个协同设计软件质量的模糊评价实例来说明了建立的数学模型. 相似文献
107.
AIS与VTS的雷达/ARPA信息融合的研究与实现 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分析了信息融合的必要性,并在信息融合基本原理的基础上,提出了信息融合的步骤,采用模糊数学中正态型隶属度函数算法实现AIS与VTS的雷达/ARPA信息融合,解决了不同设备处理同一信息的差异问题。 相似文献
108.
STCW78/10公约对航海技术专业人才培养的影响及对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在概述STCW78/10公约对航海技术专业人才培养产生较大影响的基础上,本文介绍了我国履约的准备情况,提出航海技术专业人才培养应从培养模式、培养途径、培养规格、课程体系和教学手段与方法五个方面进行调整和改革的措施,以应对公约修改对航海人才培养的影响. 相似文献
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Intermodal rail/road transportation combines advantages of both modes of transport and is often seen as an effective approach for reducing the environmental impact of freight transportation. This is because it is often expected that rail transportation emits less greenhouse gases than road transportation. However, the actual emissions of both modes of transport depend on various factors like vehicle type, traction type, fuel emission factors, payload utilization, slope profile or traffic conditions. Still, comprehensive experimental results for estimating emission rates from heavy and voluminous goods in large-scale transportation systems are hardly available so far. This study describes an intermodal rail/road network model that covers the majority of European countries. Using this network model, we estimate emission rates with a mesoscopic model within and between the considered countries by conducting a large-scale simulation of road-only transports and intermodal transports. We show that there are high variations of emission rates for both road-only transportation and intermodal rail/road transportation over the different transport relations in Europe. We found that intermodal routing is more eco-friendly than road-only routing for more than 90% of the simulated shipments. Again, this value varies strongly among country pairs. 相似文献