综合后备控制盘(IBP)设计问题的探讨

综合后备控制盘(IBP)的结构设计需要以满足室内空间的大小、盘面的内容布置,台面设备的尺寸和柜内设备的安放为设计基础,以人机工程学为设计原则.IBP以硬接线的方式引入外部信号,通过指示灯的亮/灭或蜂呜器的声响表示外部信号的变化.外部为无源空节点方式时,由IBP内的电源模块提供指示灯的点灯电源;外部为有源节点时,由外部的相关各个系统提供信号电源.IBP提供符合各相关系统要求的触点引入其控制回路,实现对现场设备的控制功能.     

Variation of households<Emphasis Type="Bold">’</Emphasis> car ownership across time: application of a panel data model

For economic and environmental policy formulation and with the effort of creating less car dependent societies, it is important to study the changing characteristics of car ownership in a household through time as well as factors responsible of these variations. There is a vast body of literature on empirical studies of car ownership and use. These studies have investigated the socio-economic background of the decision maker, the built environment and the perception associated with owning a car as determinant factors of car ownership and use. In most cases, these analyses have been carried out using cross-sectional data sets. However, the analysis of factors determining changes in travel behavior of an individual or household requires information on their behavior over time (longitudinal data set). In this study, the German Mobility Panel (1996–2006) is used to examine variation of car ownership through time and across households. The panel data modeling results showed that there are variations of car ownership between households whereas changes in car ownership of a given household over time (within household variations) are insignificant. The influence of other factors such as the households’ socio-economic background, the availability of public transportation and shopping/leisure facilities, perception on parking difficulties and satisfaction with existing public transportation services on the car owning characteristics of households is also presented and discussed in this paper.

非定常螺旋桨表面压力面元法计算

本文建立了非定常螺旋桨势函数面元法的理论方法和数值方法，发展了相应的计算机程序，采用通过迭代实现的非线性压力库塔条件，计算了一常规桨和一大侧斜桨的桨叶表面非定压力，并与测试结果及人的计算结果进行了比较。     

A spatial autoregressive panel model to analyze road network spillovers on production

The production function approach is used to introduce the effect of public infrastructure on economic growth focusing on its spillover effects. We improve the existing literature both from a conceptual and methodological perspective. As regressors we incorporate variables related to the new concepts of internal and imported transport infrastructure capital stocks, which are actually used in commercial flows, calculated by network analysis performed in GIS. The internally used capital stock represents own infrastructure that benefits accessing markets within the region itself, while the imported capital stock captures the spillover effect associated to the use of the infrastructure situated in neighboring regions. From a methodological perspective, we introduce spatial interdependence into these models, applying the most recent spatial econometric techniques based on instrumental variables estimation in spatial autoregressive panel models in comparison with Maximum Likelihood estimation methods. We illustrate the methodology with Spanish provincial panel data for the period 1980–2007. Results support the hypothesis that the imported capital has a positive spillover effect on production.     

The maximum approximate composite marginal likelihood (MACML) estimation of multinomial probit-based unordered response choice models

The likelihood functions of multinomial probit (MNP)-based choice models entail the evaluation of analytically-intractable integrals. As a result, such models are usually estimated using maximum simulated likelihood (MSL) techniques. Unfortunately, for many practical situations, the computational cost to ensure good asymptotic MSL estimator properties can be prohibitive and practically infeasible as the number of dimensions of integration rises. In this paper, we introduce a maximum approximate composite marginal likelihood (MACML) estimation approach for MNP models that can be applied using simple optimization software for likelihood estimation. It also represents a conceptually and pedagogically simpler procedure relative to simulation techniques, and has the advantage of substantial computational time efficiency relative to the MSL approach. The paper provides a “blueprint” for the MACML estimation for a wide variety of MNP models.     

An analysis of weekly out-of-home discretionary activity participation and time-use behavior

Activity-travel behavior research has hitherto focused on the modeling and understanding of daily time use and activity patterns and resulting travel demand. In this particular paper, an analysis and modeling of weekly activity-travel behavior is presented using a unique multi-week activity-travel behavior data set collected in and around Zurich, Switzerland. The paper focuses on six categories of discretionary activity participation to understand the determinants of, and the inter-personal and intra-personal variability in, weekly activity engagement at a detailed level. A panel version of the Mixed Multiple Discrete Continuous Extreme Value model (MMDCEV) that explicitly accounts for the panel (or repeated-observations) nature of the multi-week activity-travel behavior data set is developed and estimated on the data set. The model also controls for individual-level unobserved factors that lead to correlations in activity engagement preferences across different activity types. To our knowledge, this is the first formulation and application of a panel MMDCEV structure in the econometric literature. The analysis suggests the high prevalence of intra-personal variability in discretionary activity engagement over a multi-week period along with inter-personal variability that is typically considered in activity-travel modeling. In addition, the panel MMDCEV model helped identify the observed socio-economic factors and unobserved individual specific factors that contribute to variability in multi-week discretionary activity participation.

汽车覆盖件成形过程起皱模拟的数值方法

采用虚功率增率型原理和考虑向剪切变形的Ｍｉｎｄｌｉｎ型曲壳单元，动态界面引入库仑摩擦定律所建立的板材成形弹塑性大变形有限元模型，以Ｈｉｌｌ关于弹塑性材料唯一性的充分性条件为分叉起皱判据，成功地模拟了方盒拉深成形凸缘起皱现象及圆锥件拉深成形侧壁起皱现象。     

后门内板可制造性分析的计算精度研究

简要介绍了车身冲压件可制造性分析的一步模拟法原理，并以桑塔纳轿车后门内板冲压成形为例，通过一步模拟分别与增量模拟和实际冲压结果进行比较．结果表明一步模拟法不仅仅是个粗略的评价工具，也能满足一定的精度。     

汽车覆盖件成型仿真中虚拟曲面的填充技术研究

以CAD数据的边界表示法和ACIS几何开发库为基础,提出了基于环特征处理和外边界光顺的曲面填充技术,对含有复杂凹缘的汽车覆盖件曲面填充进行了研究。采用该方法对某Benchmark前翼子板进行了虚拟曲面填充处理。测试结果表明,该方法能快速生成符合仿真要求的填充曲面并实现参数可控,满足了汽车覆盖件成型仿真要求。     

物流通道的空间溢出效应检验——基于中国11 条物流通道的实证

以中国11 条物流通道为实证对象,综合测算物流通道技术水平,构造基于地理距 离的空间邻接权重矩阵,检验相关变量的空间自相关性,构建空间杜宾面板数据模型验证了 中国物流通道的空间溢出效应.研究表明：中国物流通道总体上具有显著的正向空间溢出效 应,但从分布于不同空间的物流通道看,长江、沿海、京九、陇海兰新和沪昆物流通道正向空间 溢出效应显著;而京沪、京广和宝昆物流通道研究期内空间溢出效应不显著.我国物流通道的 空间溢出效应具有显著的空间差异,应因地制宜地合理化建设物流通道.